2020年6月24日 星期三

On Tech: Sorry, eBay and Uber. You’re hated.

Why the middlemen are the internet's villains.

Sorry, eBay and Uber. You’re hated.

Ryan Kuo

It’s practically an inevitability of the digital world: The middleman eventually becomes a villain.

You might not think of it this way, but middlemen that connect buyers and sellers are everywhere online. The most obvious ones are shopping sites like eBay that gather a bunch of merchants selling dog beds and the people looking to buy Fido a cozy cushion.

Amazon, Uber, Airbnb, Instacart, Expedia, Care.com, Postmates and the app stores from Apple and Google function the same way, at least in part. For a commission that’s typically 15 percent to 30 percent of each sale, these middlemen match buyers like you and me with “sellers” looking to give us a ride, rent us their home, care for our children or sell us a restaurant meal, hotel room or app.

The technology industry loves middlemen companies — the industry calls them two-sided marketplaces. But from the earliest days of the internet, many sellers have hated the middlemen’s guts. I’m not exaggerating when I say that this resentment is the root cause of many conflicts in the digital era.

Restaurants’ grievances with food delivery companies, app developers’ fury at Apple, merchants’ complaints about Amazon, and couriers’ gripes about Uber and Instacart share an underlying problem. The sellers believe a marketplace is charging them too much, making unfair rules, getting rich off their work or all of the above.

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The complaints can sometimes seem whiny. Marketplaces funnel customers to restaurants, dog-bed sellers and Airbnb hosts, and they typically handle hassles like providing insurance, customer service and processing credit cards.

And yet it’s not hard to understand the resentment toward a company that delivers you a bunch of business, but also takes a big chunk of your money, sets rules that can seem arbitrary and grows more powerful because of your work.

This conflict feels inevitable. But I recently heard about an alternate marketplace idea that was hard to wrap my brain around but might be a novel way to attack middleman resentment.

Braintrust connects freelance software coders and other technical workers with companies that want to hire them for projects. Job marketplaces are common, but what’s different at Braintrust is that freelancers and other contributors collect ownership interests in the marketplace for doing things like referring potential freelancers and clients or helping to vet their peers.

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That means the work they do will give them both a paycheck and a say over important functions of the marketplace like the size of commissions or whether to pursue big corporate clients. The basic idea, Braintrust’s founder, Adam Jackson, told me, is to give the sellers power and a share of the spoils if the marketplace does well.

I will not bore you with details, but Braintrust works on the concept of a blockchain “token,” an often incomprehensible technology that can promise self-governance among large numbers of people but hasn’t usually worked in practice. Jackson knows this.

The idea of Braintrust is kooky, and it might not work. But I’m glad that people like Jackson are looking for ways the middleman can avoid being hated.

Don’t ignore this Facebook legal fight

Here is an essential truth about Facebook: Everything it does is intended to suck up as much information about you as possible, so it becomes more capable at selling ads.

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Because Facebook tracks everything you say about yourself inside its digital walls, and tracks your activity online and in the real world, the company is armed with so much information that it can find Ford exactly the people who might buy a new pickup.

Facebook is an incredibly successful business in part because of this creepy data harvesting machine. (See also Google, but I’ll leave that for another day.)

That’s why I want you to pay attention to what a German antitrust watchdog is doing. It is saying that limiting Facebook’s data harvesting could address both the company’s data privacy problems and questions about whether the company competes fairly.

Facebook said Germany’s antimonopoly regulator is misapplying the law. The country’s top court sided with the regulator this week, but the case might continue to wind its way through the legal system. I’m certainly not an expert in German laws, and I won’t try to predict the outcome.

But the philosophical idea was a jolt to me. The regulator is treating two major concerns about Facebook — violations of people’s privacy and potential abuses of the company’s power — not as disparate issues but as two sides of the same coin.

Imagine if the Facebook data-sucking machine had more limits? Maybe its ads wouldn’t be as effective and politicians and ice cream companies would have to find other places to pitch what they do.

Facebook would be less creepy AND internet competitors might have a stronger hand.

Before we go …

  • It’s a nightmare scenario for technology gone wrong. The police in Detroit used facial recognition technology to try to identify a shoplifter, but they incorrectly identified and arrested a black man who went through a harrowing ordeal. Law enforcement agencies aren’t supposed to rely alone on often flawed facial identification software, but my colleague Kashmir Hill showed that’s exactly what happened. (I’ll have a conversation with Kash about this in tomorrow’s newsletter.)
  • The reckoning inside Amazon: Workers and contractors are challenging Amazon to do much more to address racial inequality within its own walls. Confrontations over inequality are happening in many companies, but my colleague Karen Weise writes that this turmoil is unusual at Amazon, which has a large percentage of black employees in its warehouses and a C.E.O. who has publicly supported the Black Lives Matter movement.
  • Stress is breeding conspiracy theories about … firecrackers? I get that we’re anxious and on edge, but come on, there are now baseless conspiracy theories that a surge in impromptu fireworks in many U.S. cities is part of a government operation. BuzzFeed News explains “boompilling” conspiracies and explores the likely causes of unsanctioned fireworks.

Hugs to this

This video of a curious kitty pawing inside what looks like a piece of cardboard is going wild on TikTok.

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School’s Out. Parental Burnout Isn’t Going Away.

Bracing for a cruel, cruel summer.

School’s Out. Parental Burnout Isn’t Going Away.

Kati Szilagyi

Here in New York, there are three days left in the school year. As my family limps toward the finish line — the children are taking their Zoom classes flopped on the couch, while my husband and I are exhausted by the daily meltdowns over “realistic fiction writing” and Popsicle-stick boats that won’t float — we are even more overwhelmed by what’s to come: A summer without consistent professional child care or camp to occupy our 7- and 3-year-olds as we continue to work full time.

My colleague Farhad Manjoo wrote a piece about how parents were burning out in April, and the Times asked readers to share their stories — over 1,000 people responded with their frustrations.

Now it’s June. And the stress and exhaustion are not going away. So we followed up with eight families who answered the original call-out to see how they were doing, now that school is over in much of the country.

Finding summer child-care coverage has always been difficult and expensive, making it out of reach for many families. But this summer, that juggle feels impossible.

“It’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ over here,” said Erika Beers, 37, a mom of three kids ages 3, 6, and 8 in York, Pa.

Beers is not alone. A survey called “Stress in the Time of Covid-19,” conducted by the Harris Poll from April 24 to May 4 on behalf of the American Psychological Association, found that 46 percent of parents with children under 18 said their stress level was high, compared with 28 percent of adults without children.

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The A.P.A. did a second survey from May 21 to June 3 that found 69 percent of parents were looking forward to the school year being over, but 60 percent said they were struggling to keep their children busy and 60 percent said they “they have no idea how they are going to keep their child occupied all summer.”

It’s worth noting that “parental burnout” is a distinct psychological condition that is separate from parents feeling generally stressed and exhausted. To get a diagnosis of parental burnout, you need the following four symptoms: You feel so exhausted you can’t get out of bed in the morning, you become emotionally detached from your children, you take no pleasure or joy in parenting, and it is a marked change in behavior for you.

Moïra Mikolajczak, Ph.D., a psychology professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain whose research focuses on parental burnout, said the quarantine has “increased stressors” on most parents, while removing a lot of resources that help parents cope with those stressors, leaving them at risk for clinical burnout.

But it’s not all misery, all the time — I promise! The A.P.A. found that 82 percent of parents were grateful for the extra time with their kids, despite all the additional stress. One mom I spoke to, Robin G. Nelson, who is an associate professor of anthropology at Santa Clara University and mom of an 8-year-old son and a 3-year-old daughter, said that despite feeling burnt-out both personally and professionally, she still delights in watching her son do anthropological digs in their backyard. “He’s in the backyard constantly, finding an artifact every day,” she said.

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I’m grasping for those little moments. As I was writing this, my 3-year-old knocked on my door, came in silently and put a drawing of a doughnut on the bed next to me, then walked away. It made this time seem almost bearable.

P.S. Click here to read all NYT Parenting coverage on coronavirus. Follow us on Instagram @NYTParenting. Join us on Facebook. Find us on Twitter for the latest updates. Read last week’s newsletter, from guest writer Kaitlyn Greenidge about impulse buying her anxieties away.

P.P.S. Today’s One Thing comes from the Arts desk, which has compiled virtual kid-friendly field trips through museums.

Want More on Burnout?

Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let’s celebrate the tiny victories.
My 3-year-old has taken it upon herself to throw away her newborn sister’s diapers after each change. — Kate Summers, Pittsburgh

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

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