2020年9月11日 星期五

The Daily: Investigating the Killing of Breonna Taylor

Piecing together new details of her life and death through audio.
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By Asthaa Chaturvedi

A memorial to Breonna Taylor in Manhattan.Todd Heisler/The New York Times

Listen to ‘The Killing of Breonna Taylor’: Part 1 and Part 2

Unlike the last moments of the lives of George Floyd, Eric Garner and Rayshard Brooks, Breonna Taylor’s death was not captured on video. There is no footage of the police gunfire that killed her in the hall of her own home during a raid in the middle of the night. So for months, our colleagues Rukmini Callimachi, a reporter, and Yoruba Richen, a producer and director, tried to answer the question that had set off protests, filled billboards, and inspired songs and celebrity statements: What happened to Breonna Taylor?

In their investigation and documentary for “The New York Times Presents,” Rukmini and Yoruba sifted through over 1,500 pages of police records; conducted interviews with friends, family members, neighbors and experts; and acquired critical recordings, including jailhouse calls, police statements and multiple 911 dispatches.

As the Daily producers Andy Mills, Daniel Guillemette and I listened to these hours of tape, along with the editors Larissa Anderson and Alix Spiegel, we realized the story we needed to tell began much earlier than the night Breonna died.

There was a lot to cover: Both the rich and complex circumstances of Breonna’s life as well as the recent history of policing in Louisville, Ky., were essential context for understanding her death.

So we decided to break the story into two parts. The first episode focused on the events that led to the police knocking on Breonna’s door in March. We covered how the story of a young Black woman undergoing personal and professional transition intersected with the city of Louisville’s Police Department working on reform amid accusations of racial bias.

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Then, in the second episode, we examined the night Breonna died, reconstructing what happened on both sides of her apartment door during the police raid according to those who were present. In many ways, the accounts given by both Breonna’s boyfriend, Kenny, as well as one of the police officers present that night are similar. Until a certain point.

In that episode, you can hear where their accounts diverge, what those differing accounts might mean for the investigation into her death and, ultimately, why the demands from protesters to arrest the officers who fired their guns that night may not be met.

When we set out to make these episodes, we wanted to contextualize the events of March 12 and 13 and give listeners a deeper understanding of who Breonna Taylor was. But, of course, the life we uncovered was so much larger than two episodes could capture.

There were many details that didn’t make it into the episodes: For example, I appreciated learning that Breonna was the type of person who could make even the most mundane outing a lot of fun, pumping up the music on a trip to Chick-fil-A to get some mac and cheese. There was a lot of joy and laughter in the voices of those who loved her.

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Deep in the tape, I heard Tamika Palmer, Breonna’s mother, describe Breonna as an easy baby. Then, she paused to laugh a little to herself, caught up in that memory. You can hear this moment in the first episode.

As an audio producer, I want to preserve those moments — the emotion in pauses, or the way someone sounds when they’re smiling. I hope that if I’m moved by these details, listeners will be too.

Follow Asthaa on Twitter: @Pasthaaa.

‘Day by Day’ by Daily

Rehearsal for “Godspell” at the Berkshire Theater Group in Massachusetts.Bryan Derballa for The New York Times

A note from Michael Paulson, our guest on last Friday’s show:

In mid-July, I sent an email to Michael Barbaro. I’m the theater reporter here at The Times, and I was about to head up to the Berkshires to start reporting on a pandemic production of “Godspell.” My gut was that it would make a good audio story, and I was hoping he’d think so too.

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“Could be a chance to talk about what’s happening with theater in the U.S.,” I noted. “Also: singing.”

The next morning, I found myself in a video chat with two producers I had never met — Bianca Giaever and Luke Vander Ploeg — making my case as I tried to get my 10,000 steps walking through Central Park (meeting while walking is one benefit of working from home). My pitch: This would be intimate (I’d be following rehearsals), but important (it was the only musical with union actors in the U.S. this summer); familiar (doesn’t everyone know “Godspell”?), but strange (masks! screens! swabs!).

It was a newsy summer — politics, pandemic, policing — so a tough time to sell an arts story. But Bianca and Luke were interested enough to give me one bit of noncommittal advice as I prepared to head north: Record everything.

Obviously, they ultimately decided to go for it: Bianca and Luke, working with the producer Stella Tan and the editors Alix Spiegel and Larissa Anderson, spent hours teasing the story out of me in video meetings; it was my first collaboration with The Daily, and I was impressed with both their technical and their narrative know-how.

The result was the episode that was posted last Friday, in which I followed the small group of actors and other artists trying to put together this production while also staying safe.

I was gratified that so many listeners seemed moved by the story — sharing my sense of loss at the silencing of so much art this season, as well as my sense of inspiration at the determination so many artists have to persevere.

Share your thoughts on the “Godspell” episode with Michael on Twitter: @MichaelPaulson.

Michael at the opening night for “Godspell.” This photo was shot by Kate Shindle, the president of Actors’ Equity, who sat behind him in the socially distanced audience.Kate Shindle

On The Daily this week

Tuesday: The police released few details about the death of Daniel Prude, a Black man who was restrained by officers in Rochester, N.Y. The full story has prompted claims of an official cover-up, Sarah Maslin Nir reports.

Wednesday: “She was coming for everything she wanted this year. 2020 was her year.” In the first of two parts, Rukmini Callimachi speaks to those who knew Breonna Taylor best, and investigates why the Louisville police ended up at her front door.

Thursday: Rukmini, along with the producer/director Yoruba Richen, trawled through thousands of pages of documents to understand what happened the night Breonna Taylor was killed. We hear their findings.

Friday: Christopher Flavelle on why the wildfires ravaging California are part of a self-perpetuating cycle, exacerbated by house-building practices.

That’s it for The Daily newsletter. See you next week.

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On Tech: Gig work is risky for apps, too

New and proposed laws and regulatory challenges threaten the business model of apps like Uber.

Gig work is risky for apps, too

Angie Wang

Apps like Uber and Instacart took the concept of freelancing and made it bigger, broader and more visible than ever.

But now, new and proposed laws and regulatory challenges threaten the whole business model.

“Gig economy” companies like DoorDash, Lyft and Handy hire contractors as professional drivers, personal shoppers and home cleaners. These workers aren’t classified as employees but as independent contractors who in theory have the flexibility to accept or reject jobs at will, but who aren’t entitled to standard employment protections such as a minimum wage and paid sick days.

Whether you think gig work is great or exploitative, the reality is that a bunch of app-based companies started in the last decade probably cannot exist without it, or at least not in their current form.

Their businesses rely on contract worker rules that more lawmakers, regulators and lawyers say should not apply to them. So, yes, the gig economy might be risky for workers. But now it looks as if it’s a huge risk for the app companies, too.

I know it might be hard to imagine that companies like Uber or Instacart, the grocery-delivery service that has raked in cash from our pandemic-driven online shopping, could be vulnerable. But they are.

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They are terrified of, and some of them are trying to reverse, a new law in California that seeks to force many app-based companies to reclassify their workers as employees. Other states including Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York have moved in a similar direction with proposed legislation or enforcement of existing laws that restrict gig work.

My colleagues wrote this week about a complaint filed with California regulators saying that house cleaners hired through the Handy app would be better protected from sexual harassment by clients if they were employees rather than contractors. Handy said that it has been responsive to workers’ complaints about harassment.

If this complaint progresses, there will probably be others like it that try to poke holes in the gig economy through the legal process.

Behind all of these challenges is a fundamental legal (and possibly ethical) question: Should contractor rules that apply to someone who owns his own trucking business also apply to a dad who drives for Uber for 15 hours a week?

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It’s impossible to predict the outcome of these efforts to question app companies’ use of contractor labor laws. But it will get increasingly messy and expensive for the companies to fight these attempts to restrict their classification of contractors, and it’s hard to imagine the app companies winning them all.

For the companies, this is a high-stakes fight. A fleet of employees costs more — 20 to 30 percent more, industry officials have estimated previously — than the same amount of contract workers. Many of the app companies like Uber aren’t profitable today, and they would most likely be even less so if their workers were employees.

The app companies say they and their workers are victims of broken laws. Maybe they are. But the companies also sowed the seeds of this mess.

By applying contractor labor laws in relatively novel ways, they made themselves subject to the whims of rule makers who might at some point decide to challenge what the app companies were doing. App companies that lived in a legal gray zone are now at the mercy of rules they can’t control.

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Facebook is turning back the clock

Many of you probably know that Facebook started in 2004 as a social network exclusively for college students. Well, on Thursday, Facebook said it had the bright idea of creating a version of the social network exclusively for college students.

I considered laughing about this on Twitter and moving on. But this news says something bigger about the future of apps.

There’s been a debate for a long time about what apps should be for. Should they be do-everything spots that let us watch movies, chat with friends, catch up on news, play video games and shop for a new bathing suit? Or is it better for an app to focus on one of those activities and do it well?

The do-everything approach is essentially where Facebook has been going for most of its life. It has monitored every internet habit that has gotten traction — and then swallowed it. Livestreaming video, hyper-short looping videos, online shopping, dating, playing video games, reading the news — the Facebook app has tried to be everything to everyone.

But the winds have been blowing in the other direction. Apps like Snapchat and TikTok are focused on relatively discrete things — chatting with close friends and watching short videos. In China, which is a source of inspiration for tech executives in the rest of the world, king-making do-everything apps like WeChat are being challenged by relatively focused services like Pinduoduo, a group shopping app.

The bigger an app gets, the harder it is to stay relevant to all people. That’s why Facebook keeps trying to carve out smaller social networks — like private groups based on people’s interests, and now a return to an exclusive spot for college students.

Before we go …

  • Your regular reminder to be careful about online rumors: Some law enforcement agencies dealing with the West Coast wildfires were exasperated that they also had to tamp down false rumors on social media that anti-fascist activists had deliberately set the fires.Please remember On Tech’s golden rule: Take a breath and dig for more information before you share something online that makes you emotional or angry. That goes double for influential people, at least one of whom posted about false wildfire rumors and helped perpetuate them.
  • He is cool. And he’s back to entertain you: A man known as Ninja became one of the most popular online celebrities by streaming himself playing video games online. After months of feverish speculation, Ninja is returning to streaming on Twitch, the Amazon-owned website where he first became a star, as my colleague Kellen Browning reported.
  • When software cements inequality: The federal government doled out pandemic relief funds to hospitals using a technology analysis tool that based funding on those institutions’ revenue. Relying on that formula, Bloomberg News reported, resulted in some institutions serving Black communities getting less money than they would have if funds had been based on their number of virus cases and other relevant factors.

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