2020年11月5日 星期四

On Tech: Uber and Lyft go legit. Now what?

California votes to allow gig work. What this could mean for the future of work.

Uber and Lyft go legit. Now what?

Adam Maida

Two questions hung over millions of people who worked for Uber, Lyft and other app companies: Should it be legal and was it fair for them to be considered independent contractors rather than employees?

This week, Californians said yes.

Voters in the state overwhelmingly approved a ballot proposal, Proposition 22, that enshrines so-called gig work into law. The measure overrides a 2019 state law and a 2018 State Supreme Court ruling that would have forced the companies to treat workers in California as employees with wage guarantees and other benefits.

My colleague Kate Conger spoke with me about why this California measure is relevant for all Americans’ jobs, and why the app companies are likely to pursue a federal law establishing contract work nationwide.

Shira: Is the vote for Prop. 22 anything other than a huge win for Uber, Lyft and other gig companies?

Kate: It’s a massive win. But under pressure, the companies put in place some wage guarantees and benefits for workers that they never had before. The benefits are nowhere near what workers would have gotten as employees, but labor groups that opposed Prop. 22 can take solace in the fact that gig workers are somewhat better off.

Did the record amount of money that gig companies spent on this ballot measure persuade Californians to vote their way?

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The spending clearly helped. Uber, Lyft and others also flooded potential voters with the message that if the companies reclassified their workers as employees rather than independent contractors, workers and customers would both suffer. That twin message clearly resonated.

Are Uber and Lyft correct in saying that if gig workers were employees, they might gain some protections but lose independence and flexibility?

It’s been a tantalizing question for labor advocates: What would the lives of gig workers look like if they were treated as employees instead of independent contractors? We don’t have a clear answer. I wish we had gotten to see what reclassification looked like, so we could have compared the options.

You wrote that Uber and other companies now want to push a federal rule that would enshrine something like Prop. 22 nationwide. Why do they want that?

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The patchwork of local regulation and litigation over gig work is expensive and time consuming for the companies. Nationwide regulation would get them out of local legal battles.

It’s not without risk, though. The progressive wing of the Democratic Party could try to push through a federal employment rule that would hurt Uber and Lyft. Joe Biden also spoke out against Prop. 22. And there is a sentiment among politicians in both parties that the power of big technology companies needs to be checked.

What questions do you still have about Prop. 22?

The companies said it would have been too onerous to reclassify millions of their workers as employees, but now they have to go through the administrative hassle of providing these workers with wage guarantees and limited benefits. How is that going to work?

Why does this ballot measure matter for Americans who don’t work for or use Uber and Lyft?

This has broad implications for the future of work. Americans are concerned about stagnant wages and how automation might reduce job opportunities. This proposition could pave the way for more changes to the way all Americans work — whether that’s gig work or full- or part-time conventional jobs.

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Prop. 22 only applies in California and to contractors for companies like Uber and Lyft, but other companies might salivate at having something like the employment rules of gig work companies.

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The bad news: Bad information is everywhere

The hopeful news about internet companies from America’s still unsettled presidential election is that they mostly weren’t the story. They prepared to handle a flood of election-related false claims and disinformation, and it has (mostly) worked — so far. Maybe.

The unsettling news is that a version of the garbage fire of false or misleading election information happens every day, often far from watchful eyes and without anywhere near the vigilance we’re seeing around the election.

As hopeful as I was this week about the internet companies, I was discouraged that information garbage fires could not be fully extinguished.

Read this article from my colleagues Patricia Mazzei and Nicole Perlroth about social media misinformation in Spanish, including false claims that President Trump was being robbed of an election win and warnings without evidence of violent “antifa riots.” This was a continuation of misinformation and divisive messages targeted at Spanish speakers.

This highlights one of the problems we’ve seen again and again: Internet companies have difficulty identifying or rooting out hate speech and falsehoods online in languages other than English, and in countries that don’t tend to get a lot of attention from Americans.

And I have to say that the sheer volume and diversity of untruths or divisive information are overwhelming. One falsehood that reached large numbers of people this week came not on computer screens but over telephone lines: automated phone calls in Michigan suggesting people not vote on Tuesday.

It’s hard not to feel discouraged about the information pollution that taps into people’s fears and divisions. It’s not clear how much impact false information had on how people voted, but it all contributes to an environment in which people are unsure what to believe and don’t trust anything that doesn’t come from their “side.”

This week has left me feeling more encouraged about how the internet companies handle bogus information, but more discouraged about how big and thorny the problem is.

Before we go …

  • It was the first U.S. presidential election for TikTok: My colleague Taylor Lorenz chronicles what Election Day was like on the short video app, with people collectively processing the results and cheering on their preferred candidates. “Watching a news station seems like getting someone else’s opinion instead of forming your own,” one teenager told Taylor. Vice also writes about a livestreamer on Twitch who may presage the future of election results coverage.
  • Another tech-related ballot measure from California: In addition to the gig work vote, Californians also approved a ballot measure to create a state watchdog for internet privacy, my colleague Natasha Singer wrote.
  • Counterprogramming! While many New York Times reporters were writing about this week’s election, Brian X. Chen and Mike Isaac played video games for work. Brian and Mike said they liked the newest Xbox console, weren’t wowed by the first batch of new games and had a blast playing the big library of older Xbox games.

Hugs to this

You don’t love anything as much as this beaver loves kale. Turn the sound on for the full experience. (This TikTok video was featured in a Washington Post article about how people are handling stress.)

We want to hear from you. Tell us what you think of this newsletter and what else you’d like us to explore. You can reach us at ontech@nytimes.com.

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2020年11月4日 星期三

The T List: Five things we recommend this week

Fruit butters, a classic Palm Springs hotel reopens — and more.

Welcome to the T List, a newsletter from the editors of T Magazine. Each week, we’re sharing things we’re eating, wearing, listening to or coveting now. Sign up here to find us in your inbox every Wednesday. You can always reach us at tlist@nytimes.com.

See This

Decades of Queer Life Captured by Sunil Gupta

Sunil Gupta’s “Manpreet” from the series “Mr. Malhotra’s Party” (2011).Courtesy the artist and Hales Gallery, Stephen Bulger Gallery and Vadehra Art Gallery. © Sunil Gupta.

By Benoît Loiseau

T Contributor

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Few photographers have portrayed the complexities of queer life as lyrically as the New Delhi-born, London-based Sunil Gupta. Now 67, the artist and activist recently received his first, and long overdue, U.K. retrospective: “From Here to Eternity,” at London’s Photographers’ Gallery. It comprises 16 photographic series spanning five decades — moving from post-Stonewall New York to Section 28-era Britain to the ongoing L.G.B.T.Q.+ struggles in India. Of particular note is Gupta’s pioneering black-and-white “Christopher Street” series (1976), which documented pre-AIDS gay life in Greenwich Village — “when promiscuity was a political act to sound the death knell to the family and property,” says Gupta. More recent works include “The New Pre-Raphaelites” (2008), for which Gupta created highly staged portraits of South Asian L.G.B.T.Q.+ subjects in poses meant to evoke the iconography of the titular 19th-century English art movement. “I’m now more inspired by fiction as a way of working,” says Gupta of this break from the documentary tradition, which he studied at the New School in the 1970s under Lisette Model, among others. “Even the medium, now digital, allows for endless interpretations,” he adds. “So where in the photographic documentary lies truth?” “From Here to Eternity: Sunil Gupta. A Retrospective” is on view at the Photographers’ Gallery through Jan. 24, 2021; 16-18 Ramillies St, Soho, London; thephotographersgallery.org.uk.

Covet This

A Jewelry Line Redefining Asian-American Heritage

Left: Lucy necklace, $400. Right: Michelle ring, $900, and Margaret bracelet, $500.Jenna Elizabeth Gonzalez

By Angela Koh

Growing up in Orange County, Calif., Crystal Ung — who is first-generation Chinese-American — would hear stories of how a special jade ring protected her paternal grandfather from harm when he fled Communist China for Southeast Asia in the 1940s. Indeed, the precious green mineral symbolizes protection and prosperity, and Ung’s father, who emigrated from Cambodia to the United States in 1979 to escape genocide, once gave her a jade heart pendant. Wanting to further connect to her lineage, Ung recently began to look for more jade jewelry. But the more she searched, the more frustrated she became. It was hard to determine where certain jade pieces came from. Furthermore, traditional designs didn’t resonate with Ung’s more contemporary aesthetic. “I realized how Eurocentric modern jewelry brands were and how they dominate Instagram,” she said. “I saw the need for more representation, to create a brand Asian-Americans could see themselves in.” Launching this month is Ren, which features five fine-jewelry pieces with refreshing designs and names that honor Asian-American women whom Ung admired during her childhood in the ’90s. There’s the Lucy necklace (named after the actress Lucy Liu), with a natural marquise jadeite set on a lightweight gold chain. And the Michelle ring (named after the Olympic figure skater Michelle Kwan), with a round natural jadeite cabochon set on a thick gold cigarette band. Ren will also sell vintage jade pieces and other types of Asian-inspired jewelry. A portion of the proceeds will be donated to Apex for Youth and the Asian Youth Center. shop-ren.com.

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Eat This

Fruity Lilikoi Butters to Try at Home

Left: Lilly Joy’s lilikoi butter. Right, from top: mountain apple, pineapple peppercorn and lilikoi jams from Ohana Jams.Left: courtesy of Kalena DeCosta at Lilly Joy Hawaii. Right: Etsuko Ono.

By Cathy Erway

T Contributor

Lilikoi butter — creamy, tangy, the color of goldenrods — is made through a process similar to that of making lemon curd, using eggs, butter, sugar and, of course, lilikoi, or passion fruit. The silky spread is good enough to eat on its own, though it is often enjoyed on pancakes or French toast. It also has a distinct aroma. “When I cook it, the scent fills the room,” says Etsuko Ono, who has been making the butter, as well as jams from fruit foraged in Hawaii, with her business, Ohana Jam, for the last several years. While lilikoi butters have been savored by Hawaiians for a while now, a new generation of local chefs are now selling their own unique, small-batch blends. Lilikoi vines grow wild in Hawaii, and both purple and yellow-skinned varieties can also be juiced for elixirs such as shaved ice syrup or the ubiquitous POG (passion, orange and guava) juice blend. Yellow lilikoi fruit evolved on the island after the purple fruit was introduced in the late 19th century. They both flourished in Lilikoi Gulch in Maui, where the fruit acquired its name. Earlier this year, Debra Mershon began selling lilikoi butters and condiments, including a pink dragonfruit POG-flavored variety, under the name Lilly Joy Hawaii. Although Hawaii imports roughly 90 percent of its food supply today, Mershon remembers the wisdom of her uncle, a fisherman, who taught her from an early age that the land provided abundant food. It’s no wonder her customers describe her lilikoi butter as a “jar of liquid Hawaiian gold.” From $12; lillyjoy-hawaii.com and ohanajam.com.

Stay Here

Casa Cody Offers a Timeless Retreat in Palm Springs

Casa Cody’s interiors mix rich colors and textures — in the style of Spanish revival design —  with original hacienda architecture.Josh Cho

By Molly Creeden

T Contributor

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Boutique hotels in Palm Springs tend to rely on the city’s midcentury heyday for design inspiration — record players and mustard yellow accents abound. But the town’s longest-running hotel, Casa Cody, which will reopen in January after an extensive renovation, is an aesthetic departure: an oasis of adobe walls and hacienda-style porches. Named after Harriet Cody, a cousin of Buffalo Bill who arrived in the area from Hollywood in the early 1900s and built the complex with her architect husband, the property became a retreat for artists such as Charlie Chaplin and Anaïs Nin beginning in the 1920s. When the hospitality firm Casetta Group took it over nearly a century later, it turned to the design studio Electric Bowery — of Silver Lake Inn and Erewhon Venice — to refresh the space while preserving its bones and intimate bed-and-breakfast appeal. “We wanted to bring back something more timeless,” explains Cayley Lambur, one of the studio’s two co-founders. “And we tried to keep it very residential in feel,” says her partner, Lucia Bartholomew, “as if you were visiting your chic friend’s apartment in Spain.” The pair drew inspiration from Spanish revival architecture, painting the building’s original wood ceiling beams black, and offsetting the whitewashed walls with brightly colored custom furniture, textiles and handmade indigo and jade-green tiles. The 30 rooms provide views of the grounds — which feature lawns for picnicking and two swimming pools — and, in the distance, the San Jacinto mountains. Tto further preserve the sense that the property is still a home, the designers accented the rooms with objects found on-site, including an old book of watercolors, the pages of which they framed individually and hung throughout the space. Casa Cody is accepting bookings now for its planned opening on Jan. 28, 2021; casacody.com.

Shop This

A New Nail Lacquer for Male-Identifying People

The model Jerrod La Rue in Faculty’s BLM nail lacquer.Left: Adam Kargenian. Right: Courtesy of Faculty.

By Gage Daughdrill

The beauty brand Faculty was founded in 2019 by Umar ElBably and Fenton Jagdeo with the idea of creating a cosmetics company for men that would eschew traditional notions of masculinity. The duo were inspired by style icons such as the Latin trap musician Bad Bunny and the British singer-songwriter Harry Styles, whose painted nails, fine jewelry and floral prints are helping to redefine ideals of male beauty. Jagdeo and ElBably also wanted to replicate the way streetwear brands like Supreme offer limited-edition releases — and Faculty’s first nail lacquer, a forest green hue called Moss, sold out immediately. The line’s latest offering, BLM, is a dark-black nail polish, which, like all of Faculty’s products, is vegan, cruelty-free, nontoxic and made in the United States. A portion of all proceeds from the sale of the shade will go to organizations working toward equality, such as the N.A.A.C.P, Empowerment Programs, the Minnesota Freedom Fund, and Black Lives Matter, among others. It’s a mission in keeping with Faculty’s own goal: to help create a world in which male-identifying people feel comfortable wearing whatever they want. “Why do you wear A.P.C.?” ElBably said in an interview earlier this year with Hypebeast. “Why do you gravitate toward Frank Ocean’s bleached hair? You make these decisions because people have given you permission. At the end of the day a nail polish, a concealer — they’re just chemicals. There’s nothing that makes these gendered at all, it’s all up to perception.” From $15; www.faculty.world.

From T’s Instagram

#T25WorksofProtestArt: Barbara Kruger

Barbara Kruger’s “Untitled (Your Body Is a Battleground)” (1989).Courtesy of the artist and The Broad Art Foundation

Midway through what has proved to be an uncertain and tumultuous week in American politics, we’re reminded of Barbara Kruger’s (@barbarakruger45) “Untitled (Your Body Is a Battleground)” (1989), which was selected by T’s five-person jury as one of the 25 most influential works of American protest art since World War II. Of the artwork, Nancy Hass writes, “The 1989 March for Women’s Equality and Women’s Lives, during which a reported 300,000 people descended on the capital to defend the federal right to abortion, seems both long ago and just yesterday. However, this artwork, designed by Kruger for that rally — it was printed on fliers and distributed there — has never been out of mind, and rarely out of sight, throughout the years. Using her characteristic medium — black-and-white midcentury photographs overlaid with stark white Futura Bold lettering on a red panel — the conceptual artist cleaved in half and into positive and negative exposures the image of a sedate model, her features partly obscured by the text. The work comments on both the ideal of symmetrical female beauty and the terror of being turned into a mere object, one on which cultural wars might be played out.” Go to T’s Instagram to explore #T25WorksofProtestArt and to see the full list of pieces that have made an impact.

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