2020年11月11日 星期三

On Tech: A case for facial recognition

Facial recognition software doesn’t have to be all or nothing, argues a city official in Detroit.

A case for facial recognition

Damani Adadevoh

Hi, everyone! It’s nice to be back after a short break since Friday’s newsletter — a few days that felt like 30 years. I want to dig in again today on the ongoing debate around the use of facial recognition technology by the police.

Civil rights advocates and some researchers are adamant that software that seeks to identify people using image databases should be banned in all or some instances because it too often misidentifies people with darker skin and contributes to police bias against Black communities. Proponents and some law enforcement officials insist that the technology is a helpful crime-fighting tool.

James Tate, a member of Detroit’s City Council, had to make a call on whether the Police Department should be allowed to use facial recognition software. He was among a 6-to-3 majority that approved a contract extension for the software in September after a heated debate.

There is not much middle ground to be found between opponents and proponents of the technology. But Tate told me he believed the facial recognition software — with appropriate guardrails, including multiple steps for approval recently imposed by city officials — was an imperfect but potentially effective tool among other methods for law enforcement in Detroit.

“This is a balancing act,” Tate said. “It’s not just a bright line.”

The balancing act that Detroit and other U.S. cities have struggled with is whether and how to use facial recognition technology that many law enforcement officials say is critical for ensuring public safety, but that tends to have few accuracy requirements and is prone to misuse.

ADVERTISEMENT

My colleague Kashmir Hill reported that Detroit police officers wrongly arrested a Michigan man, Robert Julian-Borchak Williams, for shoplifting early this year, based on flawed police work that relied on a faulty facial recognition match.

“It’s terrible what happened to Mr. Williams,” Tate told me.

“What I don’t want to do,” he continued, “is hamper any effort to get justice for people who have lost loved ones” to violent crime. “I’ve lived in Detroit my entire life and seen crime be a major issue my entire life.”

Tate, who is Black, said he had heard from Black constituents who opposed facial recognition software and called his vote a betrayal. But he said he still believed that, with oversight, law enforcement would be better off using facial recognition software than not.

ADVERTISEMENT

That’s the position of facial recognition proponents: That the technology’s success in helping to solve cases makes up for its flaws, and that appropriate guardrails can make a difference. It’s a tricky argument, because it’s difficult to know whether criminals might have been identified without the technology, whether imposing restrictions is effective and whether there are better alternatives to the time and money spent on the software.

My colleague Kash has also talked about how people tend to believe that computers spit out the “right” answers. The fine print about the limits of facial recognition technology is sometimes overlooked.

Phil Mayor, an attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan, which represented Williams, said facial recognition software was hopelessly prone to misuse and that it wasn’t worth the risk or the harm to people like Williams, who was arrested in front of his family.

Tate said the city of Detroit sought to rectify some of those problems with a policy passed last year. The new guidelines limited the Police Department’s use of facial recognition software to more serious crimes, required multiple approvals to use the software and mandated reports to a civilian oversight board on how often facial recognition software was used. (The policy wasn’t in place when the police first charged Williams in August 2019. Mayor said even before the policy was put in effect, the Detroit Police Department made assurances that there were multiple layers of protection from faulty facial recognition matches.)

ADVERTISEMENT

Tate said he made a mistake by voting in 2017 to approve the Police Department’s initial contract for facial recognition software without such checks in place.

He also said he had learned his lesson. When election officials asked to use cameras to monitor ballot drop boxes before the recent election, he said he asked whether there were policies about who could access the cameras and what happened to the data. When they said no, Tate said he voted against it, but it passed anyway.

If you don’t already get this newsletter in your inbox, please sign up here.

Facebook uses data to make the wrong point

This should be a moment for reflection on how internet information machines operate. Instead, Facebook is arguing about data.

On Tuesday, Facebook released cherry-picked information that sought to demonstrate that the posts that show up most often in people’s news feeds were not from the hyperpartisan political extremes but rather the more tame stuff, like mainstream news articles and heartwarming animal posts from a site called The Dodo.

Facebook periodically steps in like this to counter the idea that the most popular material on its site is from the shouty people, particularly right-wing political figures and commentators. It remains true that political partisans are among those that generate the most engagement — comments, shares, likes and other reactions — from users on the app. Facebook is arguing that’s not the most important measure of what is popular.

But what gets people engaged on Facebook matters. When the messages that can make Americans thrilled or angry enough to hit the “like” or “angry” icons or to type “the president has no shame!!!” in the comments — welp, that is important. It tells us something about how Facebook works, and perhaps how humans work, too.

Facebook has been so invested in getting people deeply engaged on its site that three years ago, the company began prioritizing posts that generated significant interactions. Facebook imagined that we would write a kind comment or have similarly “meaningful interactions” on a friend’s engagement announcement. It turned out that many of our interactions on Facebook were with shouty political commentators.

Facebook executives and data scientists are debating how “popularity” is defined on the site, but a better use of the company’s time might be spent reflecting on what it means that many people see NBC News articles, for instance, but are more motivated to interact with rants — whether they are falsely claiming voter fraud or accusing the president of faking his coronavirus infection. Does Facebook feel good about this? Should it ditch the reaction buttons or rejigger how it circulates posts to turn down the partisan temperature?

Those would be useful conversations to have. Instead we have duels over data.

Before we go …

  • Silence from Q: The Washington Post writes that President Trump’s election defeat is a “crisis of faith” moment for believers in the sprawling and baseless QAnon conspiracy that claims President Trump is a savior. My colleague Kevin Roose also says that Q, the pseudonymous message board user whose posts have fueled the conspiracy, has not posted since Mr. Trump’s election loss.
  • Black Friday is nothing compared with Singles’ Day: Wednesday’s edition of the wildly popular annual Chinese online shopping holiday known as Singles’ Day is a moment for delivery couriers to draw attention to their low wages and grueling working conditions, my colleague Vivian Wang reports.
  • Being extremely online seems extremely exhausting: My colleague Taylor Lorenz takes us inside the brain of Hasan Piker, the 29-year-old leftist political commentator who got a popularity jolt on Twitch with his slightly chaotic, marathon live streams of election coverage. He logged 80 hours of live election webcasts just this week!

Hugs to this

We want to hear from you. Tell us what you think of this newsletter and what else you’d like us to explore. You can reach us at ontech@nytimes.com.

If you don’t already get this newsletter in your inbox, please sign up here.

Need help? Review our newsletter help page or contact us for assistance.

You received this email because you signed up for On Tech with Shira Ovide from The New York Times.

To stop receiving these emails, unsubscribe or manage your email preferences.

Subscribe to The Times

Connect with us on:

facebooktwitterinstagram

Change Your EmailPrivacy PolicyContact UsCalifornia Notices

The New York Times Company. 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018

歡迎蒞臨:https://ofa588.com/

娛樂推薦:https://www.ofa86.com/

The ‘Gut Wrenching’ Sacrifice of Military Moms

Building a successful career often means long deployments away from kids and home.

The ‘Gut Wrenching’ Sacrifice of Military Moms

Heather King, 38, deployed multiple times when her son was small. William DeShazer for The New York Times

Lt. Col. Nichelle Somers is an active-duty pilot in the U.S. Air Force who was deployed in Djibouti in early 2020. Her three kids, who are 5, 7 and 9, were at Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan, with her husband, Jason Somers, who is also a lieutenant colonel and pilot. While she was away, her husband was unexpectedly moved into a leadership position, and her in-laws came out to Japan to help with their children.

Like many of the military moms I spoke with for this article who are married, Colonel Somers, 40, said it was harder on the spouse at home than it was on the one who was deployed. “He had to deal with being the single parent and having the leadership position and trying to fly,” she said.

Colonel Somers was supposed to be gone for six months, but was ultimately deployed for more than seven months. “My struggle was more just emotional, being separated from the kids, and not being able to help when things were not going well at home.” All military parents regardless of gender experience that, she said.

In honor of Veterans Day, I wanted to highlight the experiences of active-duty moms like Colonel Somers, and veteran moms who have deployed, at great personal sacrifice.

Moms are still a rarity in the military. Women make up 16 percent of enlisted forces and 19 percent of the officer corps, and a minority of those women have children under 18. Though the number of mothers in the armed forces has grown over the past several decades, studies have shown that insufficient child care and unfriendly parenthood and pregnancy policies have been barriers to retention for female service members.

Colonel Somers’s absence during deployment was hardest on her 7-year-old daughter, who would be a “ball of tears” every time they spoke — mostly on weekends because of the time difference. “I struggled with not always wanting to talk to them, because I knew it would be an emotional drain,” she said. Her 9-year-old son would give one-word answers to any questions. But her 5-year-old “was amazing and would carry the phone around the house and give me a play-by-play of the toys,” she said.

ADVERTISEMENT

“It got a lot harder when Covid came along,” she said. While she was still in Djibouti, Jason and her father-in-law got the coronavirus and had to be quarantined on base in Japan. Her mother-in-law, who is not tech savvy, had to supervise remote learning on her own for three kids in the family home off base.

Lt. Col. Nichelle Somers with her three children outside their home in Riverside, Calif.Gabriella Angotti-Jones for The New York Times

During her deployment, Colonel Somers was selected for a leadership position in California, and had to manage a move across multiple continents for her and her family during a pandemic. She spoke to me from Riverside, Calif., where her family is now settled. She was careful to note the many privileges she gets because of her rank in the military, and because she is married with a supportive family.

ADVERTISEMENT

Shelley MacDermid Wadsworth, a professor of human development and family studies at Purdue University, who also directs the Military Family Research Institute, said: “So many systems are designed with the idea of a male service member and a female spouse.” Many women in the armed forces feel as though having children is a career turning point, MacDermid Wadsworth said, “Especially if they’re in dual-service marriages, it’s really hard to stay in.”

According to a 2020 report from the Government Accountability Office: “female military veterans cited difficulties being separated from their children for long time periods as a reason for ending military service. These difficulties were both emotional and practical, including limited stable and safe placement options for children while mothers were deployed.”

Deployment may be even harder on single mothers. Heather King, 38, who was active duty in the Air Force from 2001-7 and in the reserves from 2007-10, and is currently a social media manager for the Army Recruiting Battalion in Nashville, deployed several times in the early 2000s, when her son, now 20, was young. “He was never with me for more than six months at a time because of my deployment schedule,” King said.

Heather King, left, hugs her son. On the right, King is helping her daughter with classwork.William DeShazer for The New York Times

He lived with her parents, and King described the devastation of her son calling his grandmother “Mom” instead of her at one point. “I felt so guilty,” she said. King also has a daughter who is 11, and she also feels guilty about getting to be more present for her daughter than she was for her son, since she was no longer deploying once her daughter was born.

ADVERTISEMENT

Supports for military moms have improved since King served. In most of the armed forces, maternity leave doubled, to 12 weeks from six weeks. Danelle Barrett, 53, who spent 30 years in the Navy, retiring as a rear admiral, and has a 24-year-old daughter, described going back to work when her baby was 6 weeks old. She was pumping breast milk in a trailer while working 16- to 18-hour days.

Despite the difficult times these mothers endured, they were all incredibly proud of serving their country. “Leaving your child is the most difficult decision ever,” said Brandi Caudill, 46, who retired from the Navy in 2012. She has two boys, now 12 and 15, and went through a divorce from another active-duty service member when her younger son was a toddler.

Her parents helped care for her sons in Virginia when she deployed and her ex-husband was stationed in Florida. “We sacrifice our time with our children to protect our country,” Caudill said. “Working on an aircraft carrier is a very dangerous job. I saw several people die in front of me. The dedication it takes to leave your child like that, it really is gut wrenching.”

P.S. Follow us on Instagram @NYTParenting. If this was forwarded to you, sign up for the NYT Parenting newsletter here.

Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let’s celebrate the tiny victories.

I set my 17-month-old up on the floor with the salad spinner and a pile of small stuffed animals. Cooked dinner and unloaded the dishwasher with zero interruption as she gave each of the animals a “ride”! — Becca Gridley, New Milford, Conn.

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

Need help? Review our newsletter help page or contact us for assistance.

You received this email because you signed up for NYT Parenting from The New York Times.

To stop receiving these emails, unsubscribe or manage your email preferences.

Subscribe to The Times

Connect with us on:

facebooktwitterinstagram

Change Your EmailPrivacy PolicyContact UsCalifornia Notices

The New York Times Company. 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018

歡迎蒞臨:https://ofa588.com/

娛樂推薦:https://www.ofa86.com/