2020年12月17日 星期四

On Tech: Microsoft’s lessons for Google

What the Microsoft case teaches us about antitrust and the power of Big Tech today.

Microsoft’s lessons for Google

Zipeng Zhu

My colleague Steve Lohr has seen almost everything in technology. And even he believes the power of Big Tech is like nothing he’s seen before.

Steve’s more than 20 years of writing about tech for The New York Times includes covering the U.S. government’s antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft, which started in 1998 and ended with a settlement in 2002.

Steve spoke with me about that case and the multiple government antitrust lawsuits filed in recent months against Facebook and Google, including a fresh Google antitrust case filed on Wednesday and another expected on Thursday. He said that 1990s Microsoft didn’t have nearly the influence of today’s tech superpowers.

Shira: What’s similar about the Google and Facebook antitrust cases and the Microsoft one?

Steve: Many of the legal and business issues are similar. There’s a notion that proving Google and Facebook hurt consumers will be tough because harm has mainly been defined as raising prices, and those companies’ products are mostly free.

But prices weren’t really part of the Microsoft case, either. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer web browser was free, bundled into Windows. The government said that Microsoft did that to defend its monopoly from the threat posed by the internet.

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Another anxiety now about Big Tech is their gatekeeper role — that they have the power to influence which businesses or industries thrive or die. It was exactly the same with Microsoft. Banks, news organizations and carmakers were worried that Microsoft would monopolize the web and become a tollbooth between them and their customers.

Those fears were wrong that Microsoft would dominate the web, but they were right that the internet upended entire industries.

Most mid-1990s predictions about the internet came true — just a decade or more later and with a twist.

What feels different about the Google and Facebook antitrust cases?

Today’s technology powers touch far more sectors of life than Microsoft ever did. The Microsoft antitrust case was fairly narrowly focused on commercial and market power. Questions about Big Tech now have a bigger canvas than antitrust. It’s also about misinformation, their ability to shape public opinion, data hoarding and how the downsides of that should be restrained by the government, if at all.

What impact did that case have on Microsoft and on technology?

It’s impossible to know, but I think Microsoft was chastened by the antitrust case and that may have created room for Google and other tech companies to thrive. But technology also changed faster than Microsoft did.

Will that happen with what feels like these unbeatable Big Tech companies?

Never say never. But the network effects and lock-ins of today’s tech powers are on a scale that we haven’t seen before in their areas of technology. It’s reasonable to ask whether government interventions might be needed to level the playing field.

What are overlooked changes that have emerged from technology?

The technology that’s seeping into every industry has the capacity to do what the manufacturing sector once did: Help lift more people into the middle class.

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A negative change is a tendency to trust technology too much. A doctor recently told me that diagnostic software in medicine is useful but also risky if we rely on it without thinking. The ultimate Hollywood example of dystopian tech is “Wall-E” — technology making everything so easy that we lose our personal agency

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Is this a smoking gun for Google?

The state governments’ lawsuit against Google on Wednesday had what might be the biggest reveal of all the Big Tech antitrust lawsuits filed so far.

One claim by the 10 states led by Texas was that Google had a secret agreement with Facebook several years ago to fight what was then an emerging method of buying advertisements online. Google was worried that this process known as “header bidding” — Wired has a good explanation — threatened the company’s sales and so it asked for Facebook’s help.

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In return for Facebook’s promise not to support this alternative advertising system and funnel advertisers to Google, the lawsuit said, Google gave Facebook preferential treatment in the computerized auctions that Google conducts to determine who buys an advertising spot in apps.

I know, this is complicated. But you get the drift even without understanding the details: The states are saying that Google and Facebook colluded to help their own businesses at the expense of everyone else’s.

This is an allegation, not a fact, and many potentially juicy details are blacked out in the public version of the lawsuit. But if the allegations are true, they are not good for either company.

(Google said the claims in the lawsuit had no merit and a spokeswoman for the company told my colleagues that the allegations involving Facebook were inaccurate. A Facebook representative declined to comment to my colleagues.)

Many of the allegations so far in the lawsuits against Google and Facebook are not the kind of courtroom reveals in “Law & Order” that make jurors gasp and weep. (That happens on TV, right?) And that’s fine. Proving an antitrust case doesn’t require surprises.

But this Facebook detail is the stuff of legal thrillers. Well, a certain kind of legal thriller. The big deal here is that being a monopoly is not against the law in the United States. What is against the law is getting that way by cheating and hurting everyone else in the process. A collusion with one of Google’s biggest competitors would be cheating.

Before we go …

  • I am here for this petty, pointless beef: The bosses of Facebook and Apple each think the other company walks all over the rest of us. (They’re both right.) My colleagues Jack Nicas and Mike Isaac detailed the companies’ long-running feud and why it’s rather silly since each company needs the other. DealBook also has more on the fracas.
  • It’s not fair to need a school bus to go online: In another sign of America’s inequitable internet system, Kathleen Gray and Erin Kirkland have a photographic essay of families who rely on school buses in Jackson, Mich., that serve as mobile internet access points. About one in five schoolchildren in Jackson logs on this way.
  • Maybe there’s a point to all our stupidity online? This was a peak year for ill-considered social media posts and ill-considered responses to them. (The bodega tweet was … oh boy.) Cringe at all the online boo boos with this Vox writer, who says that our bad posts help us understand human behavior and learn how to be better.

Hugs to this

This Instagram account has elaborate Jell-O mold constructions filmed in slow motion to show off their wobbly glory.

We want to hear from you. Tell us what you think of this newsletter and what else you’d like us to explore. You can reach us at ontech@nytimes.com.

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2020年12月16日 星期三

The T List: Six things we recommend this week

Housewares from the Hudson Valley, shearling accessories — and more.

Welcome to the T List, a newsletter from the editors of T Magazine. Each week, we’re sharing things we’re eating, wearing, listening to or coveting now. Sign up here to find us in your inbox every Wednesday. You can always reach us at tlist@nytimes.com.

Shop This

A Digital Boutique From a Hudson Valley Hotel

Left: the Maker Shop’s glass decanter set, handblown by the Hudson Valley’s BowGlass Works. Right: the store’s limited-edition cashmere throws, made by the artisans at Prïvate 02 04.Francine Zaslow

By Sean Caley Newcott

T Contributor

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Since the Maker Hotel opened its doors in Hudson, N.Y., in August, it’s become a wish-list destination for locals and New York City dwellers alike. Founded by Lev Glazman and Alina Roytberg of the beauty brand Fresh, and the hospitality expert Damien Janowicz, it spans four historic downtown buildings and has 11 private rooms, a cafe, a lounge, a restaurant, a gymnasium and, now, an online boutique. The Maker Shop, a natural expansion of the empire, features a collection of home décor selected, if not designed, by Glazman and Roytberg. “It’s our love of design, and our curated point of view of interiors and colors, that we’ve always wanted to share with our guests beyond our rooms,” says Glazman. The shop’s wares, many versions of which furnish the hotel, are produced by artisans near and far — from a handblown decanter set made in collaboration with the Hudson Valley’s BowGlass Works (and available in soft gray, deep red and forest green) to a Louis XVI-style steel writing desk handcrafted in France. But perhaps the grandest offering is the Frida bed, which can also be found in the hotel’s Gardener suite. Stately and sophisticated, the wrought-iron sleigh bed was designed in partnership with the architect Kipp Edick, forged using traditional artisanal techniques and paired with upholstered head- and footboards to achieve an heirloom feel. Topped with one of the shop’s signature cashmere throws, which are available in solid neutral colors and checked patterns, and are made in Northern Italy on vintage looms by Prïvate 02 04, it’s the picture of unbridled comfort — and will make staying in feel just as luxurious as getting away. shop.themaker.com.

See This

Immersive Spaces to Escape the Workplace

One of the meditation chambers in the Bay Area YouTube offices designed by the firm Office of Things.Tom Harris

By M.H. Miller

One of my peripheral pastimes this year has been waffling between missing the office, where I used to spend a majority of my time, and actively hoping I’ll never have to go back. But if and when we do return to those glassy corporate towers, I wonder if or how things will be different. The design collective Office of Things — co-founded in 2015 by a group of architects spread out across the U.S. — has been grappling with the existential questions of office life since even before the pandemic began. For the last few years, it’s been investigating how to create a restorative environment within the workplace, which has culminated in a series of meditation chambers, called the Immersive Spaces Series, that were constructed last year inside the Bay Area offices of YouTube and Google. Designed predominantly for single occupants, these rooms are sound and light environments that offer a kind of sensorial and psychological retreat, be it from harsh fluorescent lighting or the sound of an obnoxious co-worker. The firm wanted to “create a space that sets you away in a different world, and to use that experience to create calm and refuge,” says Lane Rick, the project lead, who runs the New York chapter of Office of Things with Can Vu Bui. Before the arrival of Covid-19, I might have dismissed this as Silicon Valley indulgence, but as I try to conceive of returning to a building packed with people and demands of all kinds — well, let’s just say I hope my employer is paying attention. oo-t.co.

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Gift This

A French Artist’s Papier-Mâché Mushrooms

The artist Mimi de Biarritz’s papier-mâché mushroom domes, commissioned by the interior designer Kit Kemp.Marius Chira

By Julia Berick

T Contributor

Upon coming across Mimi de Biarritz’s whimsical artwork at the now-shuttered store Brocante de la Reine Victoria several years ago, the British designer Kit Kemp, known for her lavishly decorated interiors and line of boutique Firmdale hotels, became an instant admirer of the artist. Since then, Kemp has incorporated the cheerful oddities coming out of de Biarritz’s studio, located, as was the erstwhile shop, in the French city that shares her name, into a number of her projects. From the chandeliers fashioned from seashells to the giant papier-mâché beetles with all the detail of entomologically pinned specimens, “her artwork is a mainstay and talking point in both my home and hotels,” says Kemp. But it’s the artist’s terrarium-enclosed papier-mâché mushrooms, which sprung up earlier this year at the designer’s seventh-floor pop-up in New York City’s Bergdorf Goodman — a shop offering seasonal baubles and home décor — that have most recently caught my eye. Commissioned by Kemp, these one-of-a-kind creations, perched on beds of papier-mâché earth or moss, are hand-painted by the artist in chartreuse, aquamarine, periwinkle and other vibrant hues and housed under glass domes of varying sizes. The results are infectiously joyful, and are poised to play a scene-stealing role on tea trays and mantles alike this holiday season. From $250, Kit Kemp at Bergdorf Goodman, 754 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10019.

Buy This

Home-Office Accessories Crafted From Leather

The Métier x G.F Smith notebooks come in three sizes, and the pages of each one are made from approximately 10 upcycled coffee cups. Phil Engelhardt

By Alexa Brazilian

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When Melissa Morris launched Métier, her line of handmade leather bags, in 2017, it was because she wanted an exquisitely crafted tote that was beautiful and functional, with a place for everything from her lipstick to her laptop. “Before 2020, our bags were our mobile offices,” she says. “Now, that’s all changed, so it made sense to apply that same level of attention to pieces for a home office.” And so, she has released a small offering of items specifically designed to make your desk more inviting — and less cluttered. They include collapsible boxes, inspired by origami, in varying sizes — perfect for concealing chargers, Post-it notes and stamps — which snap into place with magnets. There’s also a series of notebooks, a collaboration with the 135-year-old English paper maker G.F Smith. The journals, which come in three sizes, comprise silky pages fashioned from upcycled coffee cups and enclosed in black or Art Deco-patterned leather cases made by a father-and-daughter duo just outside of Florence, Italy. Inside, there are holders for business cards and an iPad or small laptop, while under the strap, there’s a discreet pen loop. “I wanted to create a piece that you can intuitively tuck all your papers in and that just sits neatly off to the side,” says Morris. “But it can also effortlessly slide into a bag for the days when we’re back on the go.” metierlondon.com.

Wear This

Shearling Accents for Your Winter Wardrobe

Clockwise from bottom left: Giorgio Armani bag, (970) 710-8183; Elleme bag, elleme.com; Bottega Veneta bag, net-a-porter.com; Jenni Kayne shoes, jennikayne.com; Dries Van Noten bag, net-a-porter.com; Celine by Hedi Slimane bag, celine.com; Vince shoes, vince.com.Dries Van Noten bag photo: courtesy of Net-a-Porter. All other photos: courtesy of the brand

By Angela Koh

This is the time of year when I usually dust off my trusty shearling coat in preparation for the dropping temperatures (its furry texture has kept me toasty through New York’s coldest months). But this season, a handful of designers have given me more reasons to love the plushy material, incorporating it into a variety of cozy, practical accessories that will still manage to elevate any winter look. This snug, caramel-colored Dries Van Noten tote, for one, is so soft and pillowy you might be tempted to use it as a headrest — and so cavernous you could easily slip a change of shoes inside. These shearling pouches by Daniel Lee at Bottega Veneta, with their sweeping tassels, are just as dramatic as the floor-length fringe coat the designer debuted them alongside earlier this year. The young designer Jingjing Fan, meanwhile, who has had a cult following ever since the 2015 launch of her accessories brand, Elleme, offers an array of jewel-colored shearling bags in fun shapes, like the Baozi, named after the Chinese word for dumpling and adorned with a hand-stitched loop handle. And while shearling slippers are generally reserved for the indoors, the California-based brand Jenni Kayne’s new clog, which features a cork sole and a shearling upper, can be worn just about anywhere. This winter might end up feeling extra long, but that’s all the more reason to surround ourselves with comfort and warmth.

Covet This

RiRa, a New Line of Artful Home Objects

Left: Vincent de Rijk’s large Liquidish in yellow. Right: his medium Liquidish in yolk.Walter Pierre

By Flo Wales Bonner

In a year centered around domestic life, the stylist and Dutch Vogue contributing editor Gijsje Ribbens found that dressing up had lost its appeal. And so, during Amsterdam’s first lockdown last spring, she teamed up with her friend Bart Ramakers, a Dutch fashion agent, who has helped launch brands including Vetements and Halpern, to dress up their homes instead. Thus, RiRa, an interiors concept line that debuts this week with a selection of limited-edition objects, was born. For part of the collection — the pieces of which were all designed and made in the Netherlands and Belgium — the designer Sabine Marcelis, known for her Candy Cube installations for Celine stores, has created a series of whimsical mirrors liberally splashed with vibrantly hued resins. From the industrial design duo Muller Van Severen, there’s a sculptural chair made in collaboration with the fashion brand Kassl and inspired by the latter’s signature pillow bags. And Vincent de Rijk, the architectural materials innovator who worked with Rem Koolhaas’s Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) on Prada’s New York flagship, has created the Liquidish, a hyper-glossy epoxy-resin bowl whose playful form resembles something between a prophylactic and a red blood cell (it already has a waiting list). “You can love it, or you can think it’s very ugly, but I like that,” says Ramakers of the collection. “It’s outspoken.” shoprira.com.

From T’s Instagram

#RoomOfTheDay: Inside René Caovilla’s Tuscan Home

Alexis Armanet

Since falling in love with the property in 1977, the shoe designer René Caovilla has slowly turned a former 15th-century monastery in the Tuscan countryside into his family home. In one of the villa’s living rooms, pictured here, are a sofa and settee upholstered in woven fabrics from the family’s collection of Berber textiles. Read Gaby Wood’s story on the estate here — and follow us on Instagram.

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