2021年2月19日 星期五

On Tech: Why we want tech copycats to fail

Plus, Facebook can't admit how Facebook works.

Why we want tech copycats to fail

Alvaro Dominguez

One of the things I obsess about is whether our current state of technology is immutable.

Are Amazon, Facebook, Google, Apple and other tech giants invincible? Will they forever command a big chunk of our attention and money, shape how economies and labor markets operate and influence what people believe? Or is there room for others?

One way to explore these questions is to look at tech copycats. When we do, I see a glimmer of hope.

This tale starts with TikTok. It's a rare example of an internet property that became huge and wasn't owned by one of America's tech stars. It's owned by … a very large Chinese internet conglomerate called ByteDance. But that still counts as different.

There are plenty of concerns about TikTok, including what it's doing with people's personal information.

But TikTok's popularity shows that it's still possible for a fresh-faced internet star to break through.

With any success there are inevitably rip-offs. The technology news outlet The Information recently wrote about one of China's internet superpowers, Tencent, trying and mostly failing to copy Douyin, ByteDance's version of TikTok in China.

The efforts included Tencent's widely used WeChat app requiring people to use the company's Douyin copycat if they wanted to send virtual cash envelopes, a common practice around Lunar New Year. It's not clear if WeChat's arm-twisting worked.

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Both YouTube and Instagram (owned by Facebook) have introduced their own TikTok-like apps. My colleagues wrote last year about how much they disliked the Instagram version, Reels. It's hard to tell how Reels is doing, but it certainly hasn't taken over the internet yet.

But having a second-class product — maybe even a bad one — doesn't spell doom. A powerful company can make a product a hit through sheer force of will, a willingness to spend money like crazy and repeated exposure to millions of people.

That's what Slack, the workplace chat app, said Microsoft was trying to do with its Slack-like software. And that's what Facebook did with its video-and-photo montage "stories" feature, which was copied from Snapchat.

Sometimes copycats in technology succeed big — just look at Microsoft's Windows, the iPhone or Facebook's social network. (Also, sometimes the rip-offs are much better than the original.)

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But it doesn't always work. Tencent's WeChat is an inescapable force on the Chinese internet, but its popularity hasn't translated into success for the company's Douyin clone. For now.

We've seen before that big leaps forward in technology can bring down industry titans, like the cellphone pioneer Nokia. But boy, it sure feels like the tech giants today are so entrenched, so good at what they do — and, perhaps, skilled at tilting the game to their advantage — that they simply can't be beaten.

It would be better for all of us if Big Tech wasn't an absolute and invulnerable force. I'll see the wobbles of TikTok's clones as a sign that it's still possible for Big Tech to fail.

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Facebook can't admit how Facebook works

Facebook and its WhatsApp chat app got unwanted attention when they rolled out a confusing update to a privacy policy. After thinking it over for a few weeks, the companies are still getting it wrong.

Quick catch up: There was a mini global freakout last month when WhatsApp started notifying people about what appeared to be new steps that forced WhatsApp users to hand over their personal data to Facebook, which owns the app.

WhatsApp didn't actually change very much, but its communications were awful. And it was a moment for people to consider something they perhaps had not before: Facebook already collects a lot of information from what people do on WhatsApp.

In response to the drama, Facebook and WhatsApp said they would pause and think over people's criticisms. On Thursday, WhatsApp responded. It was better but still not quite right.

WhatsApp keeps saying what it doesn't do with people's personal information — that messages are scrambled so that no one can peer at the contents, and that WhatsApp doesn't share your phone number with businesses. But WhatsApp still isn't saying what it does do with people's personal information.

The plain talk is that Facebook gathers information when people use non-Facebook apps on their phones. The company harvests people's physical location even when they're not using Facebook. It keeps track of people you unfriended, all of the websites you visit and your contacts. Many of us understand this, even if we don't want to acknowledge all of the gory details.

Most of Facebook's data harvesting applies to WhatsApp, too, although Facebook says that WhatsApp contacts aren't shared with Facebook.

So why can't WhatsApp just say all of this?

Here is the fundamental problem, I think: People at Facebook are unwilling to be honest about how Facebook works.

When people freak out about privacy on WhatsApp and Facebook, what they often mean is that they want privacy from Facebook and its data surveillance machine. Facebook cannot give them that. As WhatsApp's communications show, Facebook won't even say out loud what the problem is.

Before we go …

  • Protecting people from surveillance, or enabling it? The software company Oracle offered to help buy TikTok and prevent data from possibly flowing to Chinese authorities. But the Intercept writes that Oracle has also been marketing its own software for Chinese authorities to harvest and analyze more data on their citizens.
  • Do you want to read about farmers hacking their tractors?! (You do.) The bigger point in this Vice article is that companies like John Deere are using software locks to make it impossible to repair our own stuff. Apple does this, too.
  • Garfield is the soul of the internet: The orange cartoon cat has inspired loads of clever internet remixes, an avowed Garfield fan, Dan Brooks, writes for The New York Times Magazine. There are Garfield cartoons with Garfield removed and panels generated by artificial intelligence with the characters as twitching mollusks.

Hugs to this

Meet Elizabeth Ann, the first successfully cloned black-footed ferret. She is supremely cute, and may point the way to protect species from extinction. (The article also mentions a cloned horse named Kurt.)

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The Daily: Investigating Abuse in New York’s Homeless Shelters

What a year-long investigation looked like. Plus, how you're listening to The Daily now.

Hi, everyone. It's Friday! For the Americans reading, we hope you enjoyed a short workweek. Our team has been weathering some cold temperatures in our remote offices, and we hope everyone is safe and warm, wherever you are reading.

Last week, we asked you how you've been listening to The Daily lately — and we're featuring a few of your answers below. This week, we're wondering: What's one Daily episode you can't stop thinking about? Let us know, and we might feature you in a future newsletter.

Victor Rivera oversaw the growth of the Bronx Parent Housing Network into a major provider of shelter and services while New York's homeless population climbed to record numbers.Jason Cohen/Bronx Times, via Associated Press

Last Thursday, Amy Julia Harris, an investigative reporter at The Times, told us the story of Victor Rivera, the founder of a network of housing shelters in New York City, who has been accused of sexual and financial misconduct — and of abusing a system meant to help the most vulnerable. Below, Amy Julia takes us behind the scenes of her investigation into Mr. Rivera:

By Amy Julia Harris

In July 2019, I received an anonymous tip that said I should look into the way that Victor Rivera spent money and treated women. So I started making phone calls to former employees of the Bronx Parent Housing Network, the organization Mr. Rivera founded.

Most conversations started the same way: I'd ask open-ended questions about the organization, and people would pretty quickly interrupt me and ask, "Did you hear about Victor Rivera's conduct with women?" People said that the organization had given payments to women who had accused him of sexual misconduct and that he had coerced homeless women in his shelters into sex. But what I really needed were names, documents and firsthand accounts. So I kept making phone calls and kept a list of women's names that had been mentioned to me. I obtained a list of women who used to live in Mr. Rivera's homeless shelters, and I began calling them to ask about their experiences.

Some women were easier than others to find or talk to. One woman who had complained to the city about Mr. Rivera's sexually harassing her in 2017 was eager to talk. But other people were harder to get to open up.

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One woman I met teared up as she told me I needed to talk to her friend, Erica Sklar, who she said had been assaulted by Victor Rivera. I asked the friend to introduce me to Erica, and I met the two of them in an apartment in the Bronx. Erica was very nervous, and in our first meeting, we didn't discuss the alleged assault — we just talked about life in New York City and how different it was from California, where we both were from.

A few weeks later, in our next in-person meeting, Erica told me her story: about how she was homeless, entered a Bronx Parent Housing Network shelter in 2012 and met Mr. Rivera. She said he was friendly and warm and one day asked her if she wanted to move into permanent housing in his personal home in the Bronx. Once she was living in his home, she said, he sexually assaulted her in 2016, suggesting he would evict her if she didn't give him oral sex. (In a statement, Mr. Rivera denied any impropriety and called the accusations against him "meritless.")

Erica was tremendously nervous about sharing this secret she had carried around for years. She initially told me she would never go public with her story and wanted to remain anonymous. But I stayed in touch with her, making seven or eight visits to her apartment, and continued to give her updates about my reporting and the other women who claimed they had had similar experiences with sexual harassment or assault. I broached the possibility of her going on the record and sharing her story, and it was an ongoing discussion for months. She was worried about her safety, and about retaliation. But she ultimately agreed. She said she wanted to share her story in the hopes that it would help other people.

And her speaking out had an impact: The day after the story published, Victor Rivera was fired by his homeless organization, and the Bronx district attorney opened a criminal investigation into his conduct.

Talk to Amy Julia on Twitter: @amyjharris

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A note from our listeners

By Mahima Chablani and Desiree Ibekwe

Sarah, a listener from North Carolina, has raised hundreds of dollars to provide fresh fruit for her local food bank. Thanks, Sarah!Christopher Brown

Now that the morning commute is, for many of us, nonexistent, we were curious about your new morning routines. So in last week's newsletter, we asked you. This is what we heard:

Birgit from Santa Rosa, Calif., says she runs while listening to the show. "Michael averages about 35 miles a week with me!" she wrote. And Toni from Southeast Texas shared that she often listens while cooking. Last Monday, that meant cooking a dinner of Beyond Meat patties with pea tendril pesto, brioche buns with mozzarella cheese and a side of daikon radish fries.

Also landing in our inbox last week was a message about Sarah Holmes, a listener from North Carolina who, after hearing our episode "A Day at the Food Pantry" last November, started an initiative to donate fresh fruit weekly to her local food bank.

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Sarah volunteered at a local food bank and saw "that there was very little fresh food that was being given out, especially fruit." She recalled how Natasha, one of the food pantry clients in the episode, said that ever since her husband had lost his job, they could no longer afford to give fresh fruit to her children.

So Sarah decided to start a GoFundMe page to see if any of her friends and family would help her buy fruit for local families in need. According to her local paper, Sarah has delivered over 200 pounds of fruit.

Got any stories to share? Email us at thedaily@nytimes.com.

On The Daily this week

Tuesday: We spoke to Stacey Plaskett, one of the Democratic impeachment managers, about what former President Trump's trial was like through her eyes.

Wednesday: One of the worst winter storms in decades has plunged Texas into darkness. It could be a glimpse into America's future as climate change intensifies.

Thursday: What the story of Paul Rusesabagina, whose tale was dramatized in the 2004 film "Hotel Rwanda," tells us about the future of Rwanda.

Friday: Many American adults are predicted to be fully vaccinated by the end of this summer, but when will children receive the coronavirus vaccine?

That's it for The Daily newsletter. See you next week.

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