2021年2月24日 星期三

Why Your Brain Feels Broken

Pandemic stress and multitasking can affect memory in a real way.

Why Your Brain Feels Broken

Michelle Mildenberg

I don't know how else to put it, but lately it seems like my brain is broken. I'm not functioning with the mental quickness I'm used to. I find myself struggling to locate words I want to use, like "vigilant" (it took me a full day to remember it). Sometimes when I'm especially tired in the evenings, I will trail off midsentence, and when my husband asks a follow-up question I will have completely lost my train of thought — it drives him bonkers.

I'm not the only one feeling fuzzy in this way. Anecdotally, I have heard from many parents that the multitasking, stressors and lack of sleep brought on by this Covid year have created a kind of mental overload. And it's not just parents, either. As a sketch on "Saturday Night Live" that could serve as our pandemic anthem expressed it, "I was fine in the fall but now I've hit a wall and I'm loco, as in my brain done broke-o."

It turns out that many aspects of our pandemic lives could lead to impaired executive functioning, which is a fancy way of describing the mental processes that allow us to plan, organize and remember instructions. "A lot of things need to function well for our memory to work ideally," said Marie Eckerström, a neuropsychologist at the Sahlgrenska Memory Clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden, who studies cognitive impairment.

"Managing too many details can definitely make you feel 'foggy,' and make you feel like your memory has declined," she said. For example, the fact that I have to organize some of my children's video calls along with my own schedule can lead to overload, and is why my older daughter's guitar teachers probably think my husband and I are incompetent because we only remember to log on for 50 percent of her lessons.

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"For many of us, life has changed from being divided in well-defined areas of work, kids, activities, to a situation where everything is a mix," Dr. Eckerström said, and that muddling puts a strain on our cognitive abilities.

It's not just the multitasking that makes us feel muddled, though. It's also the stress. Chronically high levels of the hormone cortisol, which is associated with stress, can lead to memory impairments in healthy adults, said Moïra Mikolajczak, a psychology professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium, who studies parental burnout.

Parental burnout is a distinct psychological phenomenon that's beyond regular stress and exhaustion — to get that diagnosis you need to feel so exhausted by your parental role that you cannot function, you need to feel disconnected emotionally from your children, and this needs to be a marked change in behavior for you. Though she hasn't seen studies on it specifically, Dr. Mikolajczak said that she thinks it's "likely that parental burnout causes memory impairments." Work-related burnout has been associated with memory problems.

Considering that the Covid-related strains on our lives aren't going away in the near-term, what can we do to feel less scattered? With the caveat that not all of these options are feasible for parents, Inger Burnett-Zeigler, a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Northwestern University, said that we should be assessing all of our responsibilities, and seeing if there is anything at all we can take off our plates. "A lot is being demanded of us," she said — and it's not sustainable.

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Dr. Burnett-Zeigler also recommended we try to avoid multitasking as much as possible: Keep one window open at a time on your computer, and resist the urge to toggle between work and signing your kid up for camp at the same time. "Attending to one thing for each moment can help to improve your ability to store information," she said.

Finally, going outside, or even simulating the outdoors, may help when you're feeling mentally dull. Studies have shown that spending time in nature, and even looking at pictures of nature, can improve cognitive functioning. Though it may be difficult to find the time, a 50-minute outdoor walk has been shown to improve memory and decrease anxiety, no matter what the weather is (though you will probably enjoy it a lot less if it's 25 degrees out).

In the interest of feeling less broken, my husband and I have started delegating guitar to our 8-year-old. We printed out the schedule and all the Zoom passwords and pinned them up on the bulletin board in her room; she actually likes the additional independence and responsibility. It's one small step toward … wait, what was I saying again?

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2021年2月23日 星期二

On Tech: The best law you’ve never heard of

Plus, the two hottest terms in tech policy.

The best law you've never heard of

Alexis Beauclair

Americans should feel angry about companies harvesting every morsel of our data to sell us sneakers or rate our creditworthiness. But a data protection law that few of us know about should also give us hope.

I'm talking about the Biometric Information Privacy Act of Illinois, or BIPA. It's one of the toughest privacy laws in the United States. And it passed in 2008, when most of us didn't have smartphones and couldn't have imagined Alexa in our kitchens.

It applies only to Illinois residents and limits no more than what companies do with data from our bodies, like face scans and fingerprints. But its principles and legacy show that effective laws can wrest a measure of control from information-hogging companies.

BIPA may also show that states can be America's best laboratory for tackling the downsides of digital life.

The law's pedestrian origin belies how consequential it came to be. In 2007, a company that let customers pay in stores with their fingerprints went bust, and it discussed selling the fingerprint database. People who thought that was creepy wanted to stop such activities.

Few outsiders paid attention to negotiations over BIPA, and this may have been the secret to its success. Now, tech companies unleash armies to deflect or shape proposed regulations.

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The law's text is simple but profound, Adam Schwartz, a senior staff attorney with Electronic Frontier Foundation, told me.

First, companies behind technologies like voice assistants or photo recognition services can't use people's biometric details without their knowledge or consent. Few American privacy laws go this far — and probably none will again. Typically we must agree to whatever companies want to do with our data, or not use the service.

Second, BIPA forces companies to limit the data they collect. Those two principles are in Europe's landmark data privacy law, too.

And third, the law lets people — not just the state — sue companies. (More on this below.)

One practical effect of BIPA is that Google's Nest security cameras do not offer in Illinois a feature for recognizing familiar faces. BIPA might be the reason Facebook turned off a feature that identifies faces in online photos. The Illinois law is the basis of some lawsuits challenging Clearview AI, which scraped billions of photos from the internet.

BIPA didn't, however, stop the data-surveillance economy from growing out of control.

But Schwartz said that companies' collection of our personal information would have been worse without the law. "BIPA is the gold standard and the kind of thing we'd like to see in all privacy laws," he said.

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I've written before about the need for a sweeping national privacy law, but maybe that's not necessary. Rather than relying on a dysfunctional Congress, we could have a patchwork of state measures, like less aggressive versions of BIPA and California's buggy but promising data privacy laws.

"There's no one magical bill that is going to quote-unquote fix privacy," said Alastair Mactaggart, the founder of Californians for Consumer Privacy, which backed those twin consumer privacy laws. He said that 50 privacy laws could be messy but better than one weak national law.

BIPA also shows that we shouldn't feel helpless about controlling our personal information. The data-surveillance machine can be tamed. "The status quo is not preordained," Schwartz said.

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The two hottest terms in tech policy

I try not to bore you (and myself) with the law-making sausage. Allow me, though, to sneak in two terms to keep an eye on as more states and Congress consider regulation on technology companies including in data privacy, online expression and restraints on their powers.

Those terms are private right of action and pre-emption.

The first one means, basically, that anyone can sue a tech company — not just government officials.

Broadly, politicians on the left (and lawyers) say that private lawsuits are an effective measure for accountability. Lawmakers on the right and many businesses say they're a waste of time and money.

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This right to sue will be a central point of contention in just about any fight over technology regulation.

Democrats in Congress said that they want to tame Big Tech's power by, for example, letting merchants who feel their businesses are crushed by Amazon sue the company for anticompetitive actions. This is a deal breaker for many Republicans.

California's privacy law gives people a right to sue companies for data security breaches. Data privacy bills that are considered more friendly to businesses — such as a pending law in Virginia — typically don't give people the ability to sue.

And on pre-emption: It essentially means that any federal law trumps state laws.

Get cozy with this concept, too, because it may be at the center of future tech skirmishes. My colleague David McCabe has said that tech companies worried about future local or state digital privacy laws have talked about congressional legislation that would supersede the states.

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Before we go …

  • The news is back on Facebook in Australia: My colleagues Mike Isaac and Damien Cave reported that Facebook has reached a (temporary) compromise over an Australian bill that would make tech companies pay for news links. Facebook had blocked news in the country as a result.
  • Buggy software is keeping people in prison? The public radio station KJZZ in Phoenix reports that hundreds of people who should be eligible for release from state prisons are instead being held there because software hasn't incorporated updated sentencing laws.
  • She wants some parts of online learning to stick around: Rory Selinger, a 14-year-old student, wrote on OneZero that remote learning has freed her to embrace her own learning style, let her teachers offer immediate feedback and feel reduced social pressures of school. She wants the flexibility of online learning to redefine education.

Hugs to this

Bless this TikTok video of an adorable prancing Chihuahua.

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