2021年3月25日 星期四

On Tech: What’s behind the fight over Section 230

The debate reflects our discomfort with the power of Big Tech and our desire to hold someone accountable.

What's behind the fight over Section 230

Sean Dong

Today there is yet another congressional hearing about an internet law that is older than Google: Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Please don't stop reading.

Odds are the law won't change. But it's still worth talking about Section 230 because it's a stand-in for big questions: Is more speech better, and who gets to decide? Shouldn't we do something about giant internet companies? And who is responsible when bad things that happen online lead to people being hurt or even killed?

Let me try to explain what the law is, what's really at stake and the proposals to fix it.

What is Section 230 again? The 26-word law allows websites to make rules about what people can or can't post without being held legally responsible (for the most part) for the content.

If I accuse you of murder on Facebook, you might be able to sue me, but you can't sue Facebook. If you buy a defective toy from a merchant on Amazon, you might be able to take the seller to court, but not Amazon. (There is some legal debate about this, but you get the gist.)

The law created the conditions for Facebook, Yelp and Airbnb to give people a voice without being sued out of existence. But now Republicans and Democrats are asking whether the law gives tech companies either too much power or too little responsibility for what happens under their watch.

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Generally, Republicans worry that Section 230 gives internet companies too much leeway to suppress what people say online. Democrats believe that it gives internet companies a pass for failing to effectively stop illegal drug sales or prevent extremists from organizing violence.

What the fight is about, really: Everything. Our anxieties are now projected on those 26 words.

Section 230 is a proxy fight for our discomfort with Facebook and Twitter having the power to silence the president of the United States or a high school student who has nowhere else to turn. The fight over the law reflects our fears that people can lie online seemingly without consequences. And it's about a desire to hold people accountable when what happens online causes irreparable damage.

It makes sense to ask whether Section 230 removes the incentives for online companies to put measures in place that would stop people from smearing those they don't like or block the channels that facilitate drug sales. And likewise, it's reasonable to ask if the real issue is that people want someone, anyone — a broken law or an unscrupulous internet company — to blame for the bad things that humans do to one another.

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One topic of the congressional hearing on Thursday is the many proposed bills to amend Section 230, mostly around the edges. My colleague David McCabe helped me categorize the proposals into two (somewhat overlapping) buckets.

Fix-it Plan 1: Raise the bar. Some lawmakers want online companies to meet certain conditions before they get the legal protections of Section 230.

One example: A congressional proposal would require internet companies to report to law enforcement when they believe people might be plotting violent crimes or drug offenses. If the companies don't do so, they might lose the legal protections of Section 230 and the floodgates could open to lawsuits.

Facebook this week backed a similar idea, which proposed that it and other big online companies would have to have systems in place for identifying and removing potentially illegal material.

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Another proposed bill would require Facebook, Google and others to prove that they hadn't exhibited political bias in removing a post. Some Republicans say that Section 230 requires websites to be politically neutral. That's not true.

Fix-it Plan 2: Create more exceptions. One proposal would restrict internet companies from using Section 230 as a defense in legal cases involving activity like civil rights violations, harassment and wrongful death. Another proposes letting people sue internet companies if child sexual abuse imagery is spread on their sites.

Also in this category are legal questions about whether Section 230 applies to the involvement of an internet company's own computer systems. When Facebook's algorithms helped circulate propaganda from Hamas, as David detailed in an article, some legal experts and lawmakers said that Section 230 legal protections should not have applied and that the company should have been held complicit in terrorist acts.

It's undeniable that by connecting the world, the internet as we know it has empowered people to do a lot of good — and a lot of harm. The fight over this law contains multitudes. "It comes out of frustration, all of this," David told me.

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Before we go …

  • Amazon's tricky political balancing act: David's latest article looks at how Amazon is trying to stay on the good side of Democratic leaders in Washington while also quashing a union drive that many Democratic politicians have supported. (Also, one of Amazon's senior executives picked a fight on Twitter with Senator Bernie Sanders.)
  • Math lessons for your child (and you): The Wall Street Journal explains some of the educational apps and services that can help families with math homework, lessons and tutoring. One example: You can take a photo of a math equation and Photomath will spit out the answer with instructions on how to solve it.
  • It took the Pentagon three weeks to make a bad meme: Vice News has the details on Defense Department staff crafting a visual online joke about Russians, malicious software and maybe Halloween candy? The meme wasn't funny, it took 22 days to create and it was retweeted only 190 times.

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Dolphins! In the East River of New York! This is weird! (But apparently not so weird. Here are more details about dolphin sightings around Manhattan.)

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2021年3月24日 星期三

The T List: Five things we recommend this week

Casual separates, wallpaper inspired by the horizon — and more.

Welcome to the T List, a newsletter from the editors of T Magazine. Each week, we're sharing things we're eating, wearing, listening to or coveting now. Sign up here to find us in your inbox every Wednesday. And you can always reach us at tlist@nytimes.com.

VISIT THIS

The Coffee Shop That Doubles as a Tailoring Studio

Left: Indian terra-cotta vessels decorate the counter at Bode Tailoring Shop. Right: by the changing area, a photograph of the designer Emily Adams Bode's grandfather's graduating class from the 1930s hangs above a vintage French bentwood chair.William Jess Laird

By Alice Newell-Hanson

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Carmine Morales ran the tiny, locally beloved luncheonette Classic Coffee Shop — one of the few remaining places in downtown New York where you could get a truly no-frills grilled cheese — on Hester Street for over 40 years before deciding to retire last December. But he has entrusted the storefront, along with his decades-old drip coffee machine, to two new tenants: the clothing designer Emily Adams Bode and her partner, the furniture designer Aaron Aujla, who will keep it running in service to the neighborhood, if in a slightly different way. The couple have spent the past few weeks subtly reimagining the space as a hybrid coffee and tailoring shop, leaving the Styrofoam ceiling tiles in place but updating the counter at the front with vintage '60-era teak stools from India and adding bent-metal sconces by Green River Project (the studio Aujla runs with his collaborator, Ben Bloomstein). At the back of the space, they've installed a bank of sewing machines, along with a plush changing area enveloped by a thick tobacco-colored velvet curtain. The flagship store of Bode's namesake clothing brand, which offers one-of-a-kind pieces handmade from repurposed textiles such as vintage quilts and bed linens, is just next door, and she has long believed that garments should be altered and maintained over a lifetime. Offering a dedicated location for tailoring felt like an obvious next step. "I think it will open some of our clients' eyes to the fact that it's easy to shop in a way where there aren't limitations based on size," she says. But the space, which will open on Friday, is also intended as a resource for anyone with a textile conservation project or simple alteration need: "People can bring their grandmother's saris but also their Levi's jeans." The Classic Coffee Shop was a family operation — it was Morales's father who originally took over the space in 1976 — and Bode and Aujla will build on this tradition by weaving in their own personal histories: The coffee will be mixed with cardamom, just as Aujla's grandmother served her Folgers after she moved from Punjab to Canada in the 1950s, and he eventually plans to offer Indian sweets, including jalebi and laddus. "But nothing fancy," he says. Bode Tailoring Shop, 56 Hester Street, New York, 10002.

BOOK THIS

In Portugal, a Hotel Promising the Best Night's Sleep

At the Hästens Sleep Spa, each of the 15 rooms is furnished with one of the company's triple-spring beds, which offer a carefully designed sleep system created for optimal pressure relief and support.Hastens Sleep Spa Hotel

By Michaela Trimble

T Contributor

In the heart of central Portugal, near the Biblioteca Joanina, the University of Coimbra's 18th-century Rococo-style library, is a new boutique hotel that will open in May from the storied Swedish bedding brand Hästens whose mission is to provide guests with one of the world's best sleep experiences. Each of the 15 rooms at the Hästens Sleep Spa comes equipped with one of the company's triple-spring beds, which were carefully designed for optimal pressure, relief and support, while portions of its walls are adorned with decorative gold-plated marble that's been hand-carved to resemble book spines. During a stay, guests can select an actual book from any number of shelves spread throughout the hotel to take with them when they turn in for the night. There is also an array of digital programming that helps create a soothing ambience, including relaxing soundtracks available through a mobile app and an in-room television channel called "Bed Talks," hosted by the sleep expert Dr. Edie Perry, who shares insights on topics such as how to position one's neck for quality rest and how best to support the lumbar spine throughout the night. To top it off, guests have access to an on-call sleep specialist for the duration of their stay and can select from a pillow menu of five options, all made from goose feathers and down and ranging from soft to extra firm. Because of the pandemic, Hästens Sleep Spa will open its doors to guests in May. Rooms start at $599, cbrboutiquehotel.com.

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COVET THIS

Colorful Wallpaper Inspired by the Horizon

Calico's reimagined Aurora wallpaper line includes Ini Archibong's Yemoja design (left) and Dimore Studio's Oblio (right).Courtesy of Calico Wallpaper

By Monica Khemsurov

T Contributing Editor

When Calico Wallpaper founders Rachel and Nick Cope designed their Aurora collection, consisting of 16 different multicolored ombrés, in 2013, they drew on memories of the various horizons they'd seen on their extensive travels — from seascapes in Tulum to sunsets in Tuscany. Stuck in their New York home last year, the couple found a new way to bring a global perspective to their work: They invited four international design studios to craft their own Aurora prints, each one just as personal as the originals. Launching this week, the new series — called Dawn — includes the Swiss designer Ini Archibong's cotton candy-like pink-and-teal version, inspired by walks taken with his young daughter along the shore of Lake Neuchâtel in Romandy, and a dark blend of yellow and blue by the Shanghai-based duo Lyndon Neri and Rossana Hu of Neri & Hu that references their favorite Vermeer paintings. Milan's Dimore Studio chose a moody brick-red fade "that conjures the feelings of a smoke-filled lounge in the 1970s," says Rachel, while Sabine Marcelis captured the orange-gray sky that can be seen from her studio in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, at sundown. The couple gave their collaborators free rein, notes Rachel, and had each studio select a nonprofit organization — the U.N. Refugee Agency and the Environmental Defense Fund are among those chosen — to receive 5 percent of the proceeds from its design. $28 per square foot, calicowallpaper.com.

SEE THIS

A Nancy Holt Exhibition Opens at an Irish Castle

Nancy Holt's "Preparatory Drawing of Sun Tunnels" (1975).© Holt/Smithson Foundation, licensed by VAGA at ARS, New York

By Samuel Anderson

T Contributor

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Work by the pioneering American land artist Nancy Holt — perhaps best known for "Sun Tunnels" (1973-76), a series of four concrete cylinders that are each 18 feet long and 9 feet in diameter, and are installed in aeternum in Utah's desert flats — will be on display, beginning this week, at Ireland's Lismore Castle Arts. Curated by Lisa Le Feuvre, the executive director at the Holt-Smithson Foundation, which upholds the legacies of both Holt and her husband, the artist Robert Smithson, "Light and Language" explores Holt's output between 1966 and 1982 and includes indoor and outdoor installations, as well as photography and film. (There will also be a selection of pieces by five other artists, all of whom see their work as being in conversation with Holt's: A.K. Burns, Matthew Day Jackson, Dennis McNulty, Charlotte Moth and Katie Paterson.) For Le Feuvre, the exhibition's setting will be crucial to how it's experienced: It's "like going to see 'Tunnels,'" she says, in that "you get a sense of slowness, quietness and localness." But Lismore Castle, a winding hour-and-a-half drive from Cork, sits in stark contrast to the empty vistas of the American West. The property dates back to 1185, and some believe its gardens — which will frame several outdoor works by Holt, including "Locator P.S.1." (1971), a kind of prototype for "Tunnels" — to be the country's oldest. Also on view will be "Electrical System" (1982), a constellation of 80-plus light bulbs powered by a continuous network of interlocking steel arches that the artist once described as a "fountain of electricity," and "Boomerang" (1974), a video made in collaboration with the artist Richard Serra, and originally broadcast on live TV. The clip stars a young Nancy Holt, who at one point says, "My mind goes out into the world and then comes back." "Light and Language" will be on view at Lismore Castle Arts, Waterford, Ireland, from March 28 through October 10, lismorecastlearts.ie.

WEAR THIS

Stylish Yet Casual Pieces From a Thoughtful Parisian Label

Baserange's Mississippi bra and high-waisted Bell pant (left) and Loose T-shit (right). Dan McMahon

By Thessaly La Force

At some point during these last few months, I began to despise what I wore every day so much that I fantasized about burning my clothes the moment we all emerge — like butterflies from our cocoons — from lockdown. Instead, I found Baserange, a Parisian brand of basic wear that is a little more elevated and stylish than my old gym clothes and pajamas, but doesn't sacrifice the comfort and practicality my more hermetic existence now demands. The line launched in 2012 with foundation garments, including bras without underwire. "We did not want to dictate a certain shape for breasts," said the co-founders Blandine de Verdelhan and Marie-Louise Mogensen over email. "We felt women were placed in a very limited frame, a frame where there was little movement." Since then, Baserange has grown to include similarly elegant ready-to-wear pieces, such as dresses, tops, bottoms and much more. All of its clothes are made with natural fibers, including bamboo and organic cotton, as both sustainability and equality are important to the company. The recently launched Tonal Collection is offered in a new palette of browns and tans intended to echo the diversity of human complexions. And small touches on its classic items, like the wide ribbing on a pair of sweatpants or an artful seam on a turtleneck, have allowed me to venture to an art gallery or an outdoor dinner at a nice restaurant without panicking that I've lost all sense of my sartorial self. baserange.com.

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FROM T'S INSTAGRAM

#RoomoftheDay: Marie-Louise Sciò's Roman Retreat

A seating area in the upper level of Marie-Louise Sciò's apartment.Danilo Scarpati

In the Rome apartment of Marie-Louise Sciò — the creative director and C.E.O. of the Mezzatorre Hotel, La Posta Vecchia Hotel and Hotel Il Pellicano, and the founder of the lifestyle brand Issimo — a seating area is anchored by a candy pink silk rug, Marcel Breuer chairs and tables, vintage band posters and Sciò's many art and design books. To see more, follow us on Instagram.

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