2021年3月31日 星期三

On Tech: Why Amazon’s union vote matters

The vote is a temperature check on beliefs about Amazon and labor unions in the United States.

Why Amazon's union vote matters

Erik Carter

A programming note: On Tech will not be publishing on Thursday, April 1. I'll see you back in your inbox on Friday.

There's a lot riding on the outcome of a vote on whether to form a union at an Amazon warehouse in Bessemer, Ala.

My colleague Karen Weise has described it as the most significant unionization effort in Amazon's history. Ballots are being counted now with results expected within days. Karen spoke with me about how the outcome may reverberate beyond this one workplace.

Shira: Why is this union campaign getting so much attention?

Karen: This is a temperature check on beliefs about Amazon and labor unions at an important juncture for both. Amazon is ascendant and it created a mind-boggling number of jobs in the last year, bringing its global work force now to about 1.3 million. And one question that people have is: Are these jobs as good as they could be? The union vote, in a way, is a referendum on that question.

It's high stakes for labor unions, too. Their membership has generally been declining in the United States for decades. And the question unions are facing is: What role, if any, will they have in the work force of the future? There's a lot of meaning tied up in the votes of those nearly 6,000 Amazon employees near Birmingham.

What do workers who support this union say that they want?

My colleague Michael Corkery and I have heard from Amazon workers who say that they don't feel valued. They believe that they are constantly monitored to make sure they meet productivity goals, and the work can be exhausting.

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While Amazon's pay is higher than the minimum wage, they say it's not enough to compensate for what the work demands of them physically and the monitoring they're under. There is a subset of workers who believe that a union would help them have power to change their pay or working conditions.

And what does Amazon say?

Amazon's position is that it pays workers well — starting pay is at least $15 an hour, compared with the $7.25 hourly federal minimum wage in the United States, which is also the minimum wage in Alabama. And Amazon says that workers are better off engaging directly with the company rather than through a union.

What's the expected outcome of this union vote?

The conventional wisdom is the union won't succeed, so most experts are looking to see how close the vote will be. A slim vote against the union could still encourage labor organizers to try again at other Amazon workplaces. But if the union loses by a huge margin, Amazon will feel validated in its workplace practices and its stance about unions.

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I'm wondering how to best interpret what it means if the union vote in Bessemer fails. It may be hard to separate how much workers are satisfied with their jobs versus how many don't think a union is the solution, particularly given Amazon's messaging on the topic.

Why did this particular warehouse become the focus of a unionization campaign? And why now?

The Birmingham region has been described as more like the industrial areas of the Midwest than the South. It has a long history of strong steel and mining unions, and unions were particularly involved in the civil rights movement. About 85 percent of the employees in the Bessemer warehouse are Black, and union organizers have focused on issues of racial empowerment and equality.

And recently, workers' fears about the health risks of the pandemic and the goals of the Black Lives Matter movement have made some employees feel emboldened to demand more from Amazon.

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Part of Amazon's position is that it's doing what people and politicians want companies to do: It's creating a lot of jobs and paying more than many of its retail competitors. Is Amazon held to an unreasonable standard to do far more?

Amazon certainly believes that, and it points to Walmart as a competitor with lower pay and benefits. But at the peak of Walmart's growth, it was also scrutinized for changing how we shop and for its pay and treatment of workers. Companies that are growing fast are naturally going to feel a lot of attention and pressure.

What do Amazon's critics want it to do?

Amazon's retail business is more profitable than many people realize, but it reinvests a lot of its profits in new technologies like drones, Alexa or other innovations that we don't know about yet. Some workers are asking whether Amazon workers, the economy and maybe the company itself would be better off if Amazon spent more on them.

They point to examples of companies with different priorities. Costco, which employs almost 200,000 people in the United States, said recently that its average wage was $24 an hour and it planned to increase starting pay to $16 an hour.

(Amazon has said that a typical full-time employee in the United States had total compensation that equated to about $18 an hour in 2019. That's not a direct comparison to Costco's figure because it includes well-paid tech and corporate employees, which Costco's disclosure does not.)

Costco's chief executive said those wages were good for business.

(For more on this topic: Noam Scheiber discussed why this vote is a big deal for labor unions. Astead Herndon wrote about why Biden got involved. And a Wall Street Journal podcast featured two Bessemer employees with opposing positions on the union.)

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Before we go …

  • It's time to consider a different web browser: I know, ugh. But my colleague Brian X. Chen makes a compelling case for switching to a browser such as Brave or DuckDuckGo. They're similar to Chrome and Safari, but they block many of the technologies that track what we do online.
  • An internal fight over a YouTube video: Some YouTube staff members asked the company to delete a music video with lyrics that they said included anti-Asian racism, Bloomberg News reported. YouTube said it wouldn't remove artistic expression. Some employees criticized their bosses' decision on internal websites including with mocking memes and a reference to Bloody Sunday in Selma.
  • We're obsessed with tech billionaires, but uneasy about their power: Americans needed rich people during the pandemic, "in no small part because of a slow response from a public sector that created a leadership vacuum," Recode writes. It's a thought-provoking article about the influence of billionaires and our complex feelings about them.

Hugs to this

Here is an elaborate, wing-beating display from a beautiful ruffed grouse. Thanks to my colleague Charlie Warzel for sharing this. (We've had a lot of bird videos in this space recently, and I DO NOT apologize. Birds are amazing.)

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Open Mic for Two

Bringing my baby on stage helped me forge my identity as a new mom.

Open Mic for Two

Sol Cotti

I'm on vacation, so I'm handing over the newsletter to Kaitlyn Greenidge, a frequent contributor to NYT Parenting and the author of a magnificent new novel, "Libertie." This week, Kaitlyn writes about grappling with her identity as a new mom.

— Jessica Grose, columnist, NYT Parenting

So much of how you parent is determined by the stories you tell yourself about being a mother. I had a child later in life, after my friends did. In the many years between their kids being born and my own, I listened to how they talked about motherhood. Some seemed to self-soothe on narratives of constant near-catastrophe: Forgetting snacks for preschool or buying the wrong color tights turned into an epic tale of self-flagellation and damning of the patriarchy.

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Others reveled in their own nonchalance. I will always be in awe of a friend who casually mentioned watching old episodes of "Unsolved Mysteries" on her way from work to day care pick-up. "I just put my phone on the dashboard and go. It's like a visual podcast," she said, while our mutual friend looked on horrified and admonished, "That's called watching TV while you drive."

My daughter is not even 2, so I'm still figuring out what story to tell myself. Before she was born, I had fantasies, like all parents do. I wanted to be a cool Brooklyn mom. I wanted her first food to be beef carpaccio, like someone once claimed to me their child's was. I wanted to casually take her from the park to the museum to the beach all in one day, only stopping for photogenic snacks at sleek cafes, where she definitely wouldn't try to eat the dirt out of the pots holding the monstera plants.

But her birth was hard. It was an amorphous event that didn't fit the scary stories I'd read before I went into the hospital, but it still managed to be my own personal medicalized horror. After she entered the world, I was desperate to fill myself up with experience, any experience, to know that my life could move on, that motherhood could feel different than that.

I threw myself into ambitious projects. When she was about a week old, I saw a flier for a block association meeting and spontaneously decided to join. Sitting in the meeting, still sore and bandaged from my C-section, I volunteered to help fund-raise for the annual block party. "You just had a baby," my neighbor gently pointed out. Another said: "That's good, though. She can bring the baby with us when we go door to door for money. People will open the door then."

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That neighbor was right. She and the baby and I walked up and down the block and collected something like $700 for a bouncy house and some hot dogs. It was such a success that it became a new myth I could create about myself: I went through a terrible birth and a painful C-section and not three days after being home from the hospital, I put myself and that baby to work.

This is, in retrospect, unhinged. I feel bad for that past self, so committed to using work and service as a coping mechanism that I couldn't give myself even a week off. Even in the moment, as I told this story to myself and friends, it felt wrong in my mouth, like biting down on a tin spoon.

I kept looking for different experiences, different selves to try on. The fliers in the neighborhood helped. One of them was for a baby music class that I started taking my daughter to as soon as it made sense. We found ourselves in a storefront with a bunch of toddlers, my daughter the only child there who couldn't yet raise her head. Still, the class leader welcomed us.

About 20 minutes in, another mother burst into the room. She was all bustle and bright colors — her hair was topped in a large yellow head wrap and she had the confidence to wear dangling, Africa-shaped earrings around a roomful of toddlers. Her son joyously jumped into the middle of the circle. I saw her and thought, I need that energy. I hoped she would be my friend. After many attempts to make eye contact with her and her son, she noticed me and immediately clocked me as a first-time mom. "I was just like you when he was your daughter's age," she said.

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She invited us to join her and her son for smoothies after class, and it would become a weekly ritual. That first time we talked about trying to make art and be creative with young children. She told me how much she loved live storytelling events, how she was drawn to them, but that she was always disappointed by how white the lineups were. "I want a storytelling series for us," she said. "I want one where we can just talk about us, and our story won't only be about something some white person did to us."

She is a powerhouse, so she had organized a storytelling show for her friends and family in another storefront in the neighborhood. "I have a vision," she announced to me, "You are going to come and you are going to strap your baby to your chest and you are going to tell a story for us. Nothing prepared. You will stand up there and do it."

This was unlike the public speaking I do as part of my job as a writer — always preplanned, or from written remarks. The thought of speaking unguarded in public was terrifying, especially imagining doing so with my baby. But I wanted to be the type of mom this new friend imagined me to be. I wanted to be the mom in that story. So I said I would come and maybe I would try.

After an awkward hour of lurking by the snack table at the event with my daughter in her carrier, realizing I knew almost no one there, my friend called me to the stage. I stood up there in front of strangers, supremely nervous, and just started talking.

I can't remember what story I told; I think it was some rambling thing about walking past an old workplace. When it was done, I fled the stage and headed home to make dinner. But I do remember walking home in the dusk, telling myself over and over again, "This is possible, this is possible, this is possible."

Kaitlyn Greenidge is the author of the new novel "Libertie" and the features director at Harper's Bazaar.

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Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let's celebrate the tiny victories.

Now that my 16-year-old is on camera all day, her bed is not only made but has a throw draped artisanally across the foot. Naomi Mercer, Arlington, Va.

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

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