2021年5月12日 星期三

They’re Not Anti-Vaccine, but These Parents Are Hesitant About the Covid Shot

Many of them are vaccinated, but when it comes to their kids, the unknowns give them pause.

They're Not Anti-Vaccine, but These Parents Are Hesitant About the Covid Shot

Associated Press

On May 4, Dr. Hina Talib, who goes by the handle @teenhealthdoc on Instagram, asked the parents among her 33,000 followers if they were hesitant to get the coronavirus vaccine for their 12- to 15-year-olds, and if so, why. Dr. Talib, who is a physician in the adolescent medicine division at Children's Hospital at Montefiore in New York, was surprised to get 600 messages filled with questions and concerns.

More often than not, Dr. Talib said, the parents had already had the Covid-19 vaccine themselves, and would preface their message with: "I'm not an anti-vaxxer or an anti-masker. I'm just worried." According to recently released polls, parents across the country share those concerns, with only about 30 percent saying they would get their children vaccinated right away. Parents of infants and preschoolers expressed more anxiety about the vaccine than parents of teenagers did.

In trials, there have been no serious safety concerns for children thus far, and Dr. Lee Savio Beers, the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, heralded the recent emergency use approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for children 12 to 15 as "a critically important step in bringing life-saving vaccines to children and adolescents."

Despite evidence of the vaccine's safety, several parents I spoked to over the past week were similarly hesitant about getting their children the shot. They were not skeptical about all vaccines; their children tended to be up-to-date with recommended well-child vaccines. Their overall fear was related to the newness of the vaccine, and unknown future outcomes.

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As Kimberly Johnson, 38, the mom of elementary-school-age twins in Pound Ridge, N.Y., put it to me in a Facebook message: "I'm not anti-vax but this all seems just too fast for me. I don't want my children to be responding to those lawyer ads you see on TV 25 years from now. You know the ones, 'If you were under the age of 16 in the years 2021-2022 and received the Covid-19 vaccination you could be entitled to compensation …'"

For Teens, Concerns About Puberty and Fertility

Parents of adolescents I spoke to tended to be concerned about the vaccine affecting puberty and future fertility for their children. Saadia Faruqi, 45, a children's book author in Houston whose kids are 11 and 14, said that though she and her husband got the vaccine, she worries about how it might affect her kids' hormones, fertility and their growing bodies.

Ms. Faruqi feels that if she makes the wrong decision for her children, "I'm going to be a bad mom," she said. "I don't want either of my kids to turn around when they're in adulthood and ask, 'Why did you do this?'"

Dr. Talib has also heard these concerns from parents of teens, and she said that while she understands the worry, there's no biological mechanism that would make the Covid-19 vaccine worse for teenagers.

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"Hormones related to puberty should not change the immune response, or the side effect profile of this vaccine," Dr. Talib said. In trials, the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine was extremely effective for children 12-15 — there were zero breakthrough infections among more than 2,000 inoculated kids.

Akiko Iwasaki, a professor of immunobiology at Yale School of Medicine, who wrote an article for The Times debunking disinformation about the Covid-19 vaccine and fertility, said: "Even during the vaccine trials some of the women inadvertently got pregnant. There's nothing even to empirically support" a link between infertility and the Covid vaccine. "I have two daughters myself, who are in the 12-14 year age group, I totally understand the fear," she said. "But there's really no basis for it."

For Younger Children, Worries About Allergies and Side Effects

Molly Herman, 35, who has a 2-year-old and is 32 weeks pregnant with her second child, said she's anxious about giving her daughter the vaccine, even though she chose to get the shot during her pregnancy. Her daughter has never had antibiotics and she's barely been sick, so "I don't know what she's allergic to," said Ms. Herman, who lives in Medfield, Mass., and works in higher education.

Nicole Frehsee Mazur, 39, who lives in Birmingham, Mich., was also concerned about her children, who are 4 and 6, having an allergic reaction to the vaccine, because she had an averse response to the Moderna shot and the kids have allergies. "I'm not opposed to vaccinating them, I would just like to wait until more kids are vaccinated," she said.

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Vaccines may be available for children over 2 by September at the earliest, so these concerns are theoretical at the moment. Dr. Nia Heard-Garris, a pediatrician and a researcher at Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, said that she understands parents' hesitations. "That kind of conversation has been present before we had a feasible vaccine, especially from groups that have been marginalized and experimented on. It's not a fear that's far-fetched," she said.

But Dr. Heard-Garris said she trusts the science and the data, and that the abstract fears of the vaccine's long-term effects should be weighed against the real-life impacts of the virus. As the A.A.P. President Dr. Beers put it: "While fewer children than adults have suffered the most severe disease, this is not a benign disease in children. Thousands of children have been hospitalized, and hundreds have died."

The doctors I spoke to were hopeful that, as the vaccine becomes a reality for young kids rather than an idea, parents will become less hesitant. They urged parents, especially those whose kids have allergies, to talk to their pediatricians about the best approach for their children.

Dr. Talib said that parents and teens alike in her practice have said they would feel more comfortable getting their vaccines in a pediatrician's office, closely monitored by a doctor they know, than at a large vaccine site like a convention center or a pharmacy, the way many adults have been vaccinated. Last week, President Biden said that he was shifting his administration's vaccination strategy away from mass vaccination sites and toward more local sites in order to get more shots to younger people and the vaccine hesitant.

It's still unclear how many states or localities may encourage or require middle- or high-school students to get the vaccine before attending in-person school this fall, though more than 100 colleges and universities have already announced that students must have the Covid vaccine if they want to return to campus.

Ultimately, the biggest proponents of the vaccine may be the children themselves, if they're old enough to have an opinion. "Don't forget to check in with your teen and hear their thoughts and questions about the vaccine as well," Dr. Talib said.

Though in many states, those under 18 need parental consent to get the vaccine, Dr. Heard-Garris said that her patients in the 16 and up crowd who are already eligible for the vaccine are telling her, "I want this; I know my mom doesn't want this."

They want to be able to get back to school, and go to prom and hang out with their friends, without worrying about the virus looming. They want to return to some semblance of "normal," just like their parents.

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Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let's celebrate the tiny victories.

My 3-year-old has recently gotten into hide-and-seek. He likes to play it in the house after dinner. I've discovered that when he's busy finding a hiding place, I can count to 10 really slowly and enjoy a few moments of peace on the couch, sneak a cookie without him begging for one, or pick up some toys and laundry that are strewn about.— Joe Pasteris, Colchester, Vt.

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2021年5月11日 星期二

On Tech: Why is new TV so much like cable?

The standard business practices developing around streaming entertainment are rotten.

Why is new TV so much like cable?

Brenna Murphy

There are constant fights among powerful digital companies over what streaming video apps appear on our living room TV sets. It shows how the overlords of new TV are falling into the same bad habits as old TV.

Let me explain why fights over money, power and our personal information are popping up all over streaming entertainment, and how we're caught in the middle.

One root of the problem is that the streaming TV app systems such as Amazon's Fire TV and Roku work almost exactly like cable television and not like smartphone apps. (Wasn't streaming supposed to free us from the annoyances of cable TV?)

I want us to remember one thing: Streaming entertainment is great in so many ways, but the standard business practices that are developing around it are rotten. It's turning what should be the simple pleasure of watching TV into an ugly mess.

For exhibit A, I point you to the recent squabbling between Google's YouTube and Roku, which makes gadgets to connect TV sets to online video apps. Their beef is complicated, but the result was that Roku threatened to block one of YouTube's apps, and Google threatened to send free alternative streaming gadgets to Roku customers. Each side said the other was a bully.

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A version of this fight keeps happening. When Amazon and the owner of HBO bickered over money and control of data on people's watching habits, people for months couldn't watch HBO Max on Amazon's Fire TV streaming video device or through Amazon's Prime Video app. The same thing almost happened in a dispute between NBC's Peacock video service and Roku.

The wild thing is just how familiar this feels. The beefs and temporary blackouts of programming are exactly how old TV has worked for decades. Cable TV, and now the new TV app stores, have no standard terms, so everything is a hard-fought negotiation.

Think about it: ESPN is in your cable lineup because of a complicated contract hammered out every few years between the channel's owner, Walt Disney, and Comcast or another provider. If the two sides reach a contract impasse, college football might disappear from your TV for awhile. Repeat that for every single channel on the dial.

As with cable TV, Amazon, Roku and their peers often reach individual contracts with streaming services after negotiations over fees the streaming app might pay, whether Amazon or Roku get to show commercials in another company's video app or minute aspects of how a streaming app functions.

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It's hand-to-hand combat with each TV app. Just like with cable TV, the company with the toughest lawyers or the most power often wins.

This isn't how smartphone app stores work. Apple and Google set terms that (usually) apply equally to all apps, rather than one-by-one agreements. App makers comply with those terms and rules or get out.

Yes, there are serious downsides to that system. App makers and regulators complain that it gives Apple and Google near total control over our digital lives. But the benefit of making the same rules for every app is it reduces the constant fighting.

We don't need more capricious dictators, but maybe streaming services and TV apps could take a lesson from the one-size-fits-all rules of smartphone app stores.

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Another idea: Maybe we should make our TVs dumber by ditching apps entirely. Would we be better off if TVs didn't have app stores at all, but were just web browsers on our TV sets?

Or what if they all used technology like Apple's AirPlay to mirror our smartphones on a bigger TV screen? Instead of firing up the Netflix or Peacock app on our TV or set top box, we'd use the app on our phone and the image would automatically appear on our TV. This might be clunky. And when I've spoken to experts in streaming video technology, some of them have said this would reduce the video quality that people expect on TV screens.

But you can see what I'm struggling with. I don't want to fossilize the bad old ways of cable TV in what should be our brand-new world of entertainment.

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Before we go …

Hugs to this

Gritty, the VERY WEIRD mascot of the Philadelphia Flyers hockey team, is the stupid fun we all need. In response to fan challenges, Gritty did an interpretive dance while holding a Jell-O mold, jousted in an office chair and watched "Rocky II" while sitting in a kiddie pool filled with soft pretzels.

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