2021年5月12日 星期三

On Tech: Inside Jeff Bezos’s obsessions

Amazon has had a boss with big ideas and incredible persistence. That hasn't always been helpful.

Inside Jeff Bezos's obsessions

Alvaro Dominguez

How can you tell when the bullheaded and micromanaging boss who trusts his intuition is just nuts, and when he's nuts but right?

That's a question I had after reading "Amazon Unbound," a new book about Jeff Bezos and the last decade or so at Amazon by Brad Stone, a journalist and a former colleague of mine.

In Stone's telling, Bezos is a font of big ideas, and he badgers staff, nitpicks over details and is willing to devote gobs of time and money to make his visions a reality. That has often paid off with novel and effective technologies like the voice-recognition assistant Alexa and the company's cashier-less Go convenience stores.

But other things at Amazon have failed or floundered because of Bezos's relentless pursuit of his ideas. That tendency plagued Amazon's now dead Fire smartphone, and it was a shadow over its Prime Video streaming service and its ground beef made from just one cow. (Don't worry, I will come back to this.)

The company likes to say that everything at Amazon begins with what the customer wants and works backward. But one inescapable conclusion from reading "Amazon Unbound" is how much Amazon is a product of Bezos's will and his responses to competitive challenges or criticisms.

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And it isn't necessarily easy to diagnose at what point that was good for Amazon, its customers, its employees and the world — and when Bezos's belief in himself seemingly got in the way. It will be interesting to see what happens now that Bezos is scheduled to leave his chief executive post.

Stone digs deep into the origins of Alexa and the company's Echo speakers. In an email 10 years ago, Bezos told his lieutenants that Amazon "should build a $20 device with its brains in the cloud that's completely controlled by your voice." He refused to let his vision for this product go, even when the development cost a fortune and the voice technology was badly flawed for years. Apart from that $20 price, Echo and Alexa are just how Bezos imagined.

At other times Bezos's visions led Amazon down the wrong path. The Fire phone was a bad idea at the wrong time, and its failure was largely Bezos's fault. In one detail, Stone writes that a staff member had to assure Bezos that, yes, people used digital calendars on their phones. He also insisted on 3-D cameras for the device that were glitch-prone and gimmicky.

The same thing happened with that ground beef. After reading a 2015 Washington Post article about why hamburger patties are often made from tissues mixed from as many as a hundred cows or more, Bezos became obsessed with making a single cow burger that people could buy only from the Amazon Fresh grocery service.

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Amazon Fresh did sell single cow burgers — they're out of stock now — but it wasn't a world-changing idea as Bezos had hoped. Like the Fire phone, it might have just been a waste of time and energy.

I posed two questions to Stone: When have Bezos's ideas and his relentlessness to pull them off been helpful, and when have those same qualities led Amazon astray? And has it been good or bad for Amazon to be guided by one person and his obsessions?

Stone told me that Bezos believes Amazon is in a unique position to do difficult, expensive and big things, and he wants to push against employees' natural resistance to hard changes. His instincts aren't infallible, but Bezos has been right a lot, he said.

"The countervailing force," Stone said, is that the world's richest person "doesn't really live among us anymore. His personal taste in burgers and technology don't always represent the common taste."

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Bezos has often said that failures are inevitable and even welcome. They show that Amazon isn't afraid to try bold things.

But while reading Stone's book, I wondered if Amazon's failures weren't always the result of noble swings at big ideas but sometimes because of blind spots: a lack of self-reflection and a corporate culture that resists standing up to Bezos.

Stone writes that many employees who worked on the Fire phone had serious doubts about it, but it seemed that no one was willing to fight the boss. Stone's book recounts numerous executives who were driven out of Amazon, including some who challenged Bezos or ways in which the company operated.

There may be an alternative version of Amazon that is less reliant on Bezos's vision and self assurance. It might be worse, or it might be an even more successful company that's better for customers, its employees and the world. And with a new chief executive, maybe we'll get to find out. But I suspect Amazon will continue to be the Bezos show.

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Before we go …

  • The government might help pay your internet bill. To help get more Americans online, the Federal Communications Commission is now offering people with lower incomes or those who lost their jobs in the coronavirus pandemic a temporary subsidy of $50 a month for internet access, my colleague Cecilia Kang reported. The Washington Post also has details on how to sign up.
  • A con or playing with identity and authenticity? A young woman had tens of thousands of people on Twitter following her travels on motorcycles. Then the person behind the account confessed that he was a 50-year-old man using an app to alter his face, The Washington Post wrote. His followers (and his children) loved him even more.
  • Have you seen online videos of gross food like toilet ice cream punch? Eater wrote that many of them are carefully crafted pranks by a group of people affiliated with a Las Vegas magician named Rick Lax.

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They’re Not Anti-Vaccine, but These Parents Are Hesitant About the Covid Shot

Many of them are vaccinated, but when it comes to their kids, the unknowns give them pause.

They're Not Anti-Vaccine, but These Parents Are Hesitant About the Covid Shot

Associated Press

On May 4, Dr. Hina Talib, who goes by the handle @teenhealthdoc on Instagram, asked the parents among her 33,000 followers if they were hesitant to get the coronavirus vaccine for their 12- to 15-year-olds, and if so, why. Dr. Talib, who is a physician in the adolescent medicine division at Children's Hospital at Montefiore in New York, was surprised to get 600 messages filled with questions and concerns.

More often than not, Dr. Talib said, the parents had already had the Covid-19 vaccine themselves, and would preface their message with: "I'm not an anti-vaxxer or an anti-masker. I'm just worried." According to recently released polls, parents across the country share those concerns, with only about 30 percent saying they would get their children vaccinated right away. Parents of infants and preschoolers expressed more anxiety about the vaccine than parents of teenagers did.

In trials, there have been no serious safety concerns for children thus far, and Dr. Lee Savio Beers, the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, heralded the recent emergency use approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for children 12 to 15 as "a critically important step in bringing life-saving vaccines to children and adolescents."

Despite evidence of the vaccine's safety, several parents I spoked to over the past week were similarly hesitant about getting their children the shot. They were not skeptical about all vaccines; their children tended to be up-to-date with recommended well-child vaccines. Their overall fear was related to the newness of the vaccine, and unknown future outcomes.

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As Kimberly Johnson, 38, the mom of elementary-school-age twins in Pound Ridge, N.Y., put it to me in a Facebook message: "I'm not anti-vax but this all seems just too fast for me. I don't want my children to be responding to those lawyer ads you see on TV 25 years from now. You know the ones, 'If you were under the age of 16 in the years 2021-2022 and received the Covid-19 vaccination you could be entitled to compensation …'"

For Teens, Concerns About Puberty and Fertility

Parents of adolescents I spoke to tended to be concerned about the vaccine affecting puberty and future fertility for their children. Saadia Faruqi, 45, a children's book author in Houston whose kids are 11 and 14, said that though she and her husband got the vaccine, she worries about how it might affect her kids' hormones, fertility and their growing bodies.

Ms. Faruqi feels that if she makes the wrong decision for her children, "I'm going to be a bad mom," she said. "I don't want either of my kids to turn around when they're in adulthood and ask, 'Why did you do this?'"

Dr. Talib has also heard these concerns from parents of teens, and she said that while she understands the worry, there's no biological mechanism that would make the Covid-19 vaccine worse for teenagers.

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"Hormones related to puberty should not change the immune response, or the side effect profile of this vaccine," Dr. Talib said. In trials, the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine was extremely effective for children 12-15 — there were zero breakthrough infections among more than 2,000 inoculated kids.

Akiko Iwasaki, a professor of immunobiology at Yale School of Medicine, who wrote an article for The Times debunking disinformation about the Covid-19 vaccine and fertility, said: "Even during the vaccine trials some of the women inadvertently got pregnant. There's nothing even to empirically support" a link between infertility and the Covid vaccine. "I have two daughters myself, who are in the 12-14 year age group, I totally understand the fear," she said. "But there's really no basis for it."

For Younger Children, Worries About Allergies and Side Effects

Molly Herman, 35, who has a 2-year-old and is 32 weeks pregnant with her second child, said she's anxious about giving her daughter the vaccine, even though she chose to get the shot during her pregnancy. Her daughter has never had antibiotics and she's barely been sick, so "I don't know what she's allergic to," said Ms. Herman, who lives in Medfield, Mass., and works in higher education.

Nicole Frehsee Mazur, 39, who lives in Birmingham, Mich., was also concerned about her children, who are 4 and 6, having an allergic reaction to the vaccine, because she had an averse response to the Moderna shot and the kids have allergies. "I'm not opposed to vaccinating them, I would just like to wait until more kids are vaccinated," she said.

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Vaccines may be available for children over 2 by September at the earliest, so these concerns are theoretical at the moment. Dr. Nia Heard-Garris, a pediatrician and a researcher at Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, said that she understands parents' hesitations. "That kind of conversation has been present before we had a feasible vaccine, especially from groups that have been marginalized and experimented on. It's not a fear that's far-fetched," she said.

But Dr. Heard-Garris said she trusts the science and the data, and that the abstract fears of the vaccine's long-term effects should be weighed against the real-life impacts of the virus. As the A.A.P. President Dr. Beers put it: "While fewer children than adults have suffered the most severe disease, this is not a benign disease in children. Thousands of children have been hospitalized, and hundreds have died."

The doctors I spoke to were hopeful that, as the vaccine becomes a reality for young kids rather than an idea, parents will become less hesitant. They urged parents, especially those whose kids have allergies, to talk to their pediatricians about the best approach for their children.

Dr. Talib said that parents and teens alike in her practice have said they would feel more comfortable getting their vaccines in a pediatrician's office, closely monitored by a doctor they know, than at a large vaccine site like a convention center or a pharmacy, the way many adults have been vaccinated. Last week, President Biden said that he was shifting his administration's vaccination strategy away from mass vaccination sites and toward more local sites in order to get more shots to younger people and the vaccine hesitant.

It's still unclear how many states or localities may encourage or require middle- or high-school students to get the vaccine before attending in-person school this fall, though more than 100 colleges and universities have already announced that students must have the Covid vaccine if they want to return to campus.

Ultimately, the biggest proponents of the vaccine may be the children themselves, if they're old enough to have an opinion. "Don't forget to check in with your teen and hear their thoughts and questions about the vaccine as well," Dr. Talib said.

Though in many states, those under 18 need parental consent to get the vaccine, Dr. Heard-Garris said that her patients in the 16 and up crowd who are already eligible for the vaccine are telling her, "I want this; I know my mom doesn't want this."

They want to be able to get back to school, and go to prom and hang out with their friends, without worrying about the virus looming. They want to return to some semblance of "normal," just like their parents.

Want More on Kids and Vaccines?

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Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let's celebrate the tiny victories.

My 3-year-old has recently gotten into hide-and-seek. He likes to play it in the house after dinner. I've discovered that when he's busy finding a hiding place, I can count to 10 really slowly and enjoy a few moments of peace on the couch, sneak a cookie without him begging for one, or pick up some toys and laundry that are strewn about.— Joe Pasteris, Colchester, Vt.

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

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