2021年7月1日 星期四

On Tech: Why didn’t Microsoft die?

Microsoft made epic mistakes for years, but it's again one of the tech world's superstars.

Why didn't Microsoft die?

Microsoft made epic mistakes for years, but it's again one of the tech world's superstars.

Sean Dong

For a decade or so, Microsoft botched so many significant technology trends that the company became a punchline. But Microsoft more than survived its epic mistakes. Today, it is (again) one of the tech world's superstars.

Microsoft's ability to thrive despite doing almost everything wrong might be a heartening saga about corporate reinvention. Or it may be a distressing demonstration of how monopolies are extremely hard to kill. Or maybe it's a little of both.

Understanding Microsoft's staying power is relevant when considering an important current question: Are today's Big Tech superstars successful and popular because they're the best at what they do, or because they become so powerful that they can coast on past successes?

Ultimately the angst about Big Tech in 2021 — the antitrust lawsuits, the proposed new laws and the shouting — boils down to a debate about whether the hallmark of our digital lives is a dynamism that drives progress, or whether we actually have dynasties. And what I'm asking is, which one was Microsoft?

Let me go back to Microsoft's dark days, which arguably stretched from the mid-2000s to 2014. They were weirdly not that bad. Yes, Microsoft was so uncool that the company was roasted in Apple television ads and many people in the tech industry wanted nothing to do with it. The company failed to make a popular search engine, tried in vain to compete with Google in digital advertising and had little success selling its own smartphone operating systems or devices.

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And yet, even in the saddest years at Microsoft, the company made oodles of money. In 2013, the year that Steve Ballmer was semi-pushed to retire as chief executive, the company generated far more profit before taxes and some other costs — more than $27 billion — than Amazon did in 2020.

No matter how much Microsoft's software might have stunk — and a lot of it did — many businesses still needed to buy Windows computers, Microsoft's email and document software and its technology to run powerful back-end computers called servers. Microsoft used those much-needed products as leverage to branch into new and profitable business lines, including software that replaced conventional corporate telephone systems, databases and file storage systems.

Microsoft wasn't always good in those years, but it did pretty well. And more recently, Microsoft shifted from treading water to being both financially successful and relevant in cutting-edge technologies. So was this turnaround a healthy sign or a discouraging one?

On the healthy side of the ledger, Microsoft did at least one big thing right: cloud computing, which is one of the most important technologies of the past 15 years. That and a culture change were the foundations that morphed Microsoft from winning in spite of its strategy and products to winning because of them. This is the kind of corporate turnaround that we should want.

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I'll also say that Microsoft is different from its Big Tech peers in a way that might have made it more resilient. Businesses, not individuals, are Microsoft's customers and technology sold to organizations doesn't necessarily need to be good to win.

And now the discouraging explanation: What if the lesson from Microsoft is that a fading star can leverage its size, savvy marketing and pull with customers to stay successful even if it makes meh products, loses its grip on new technologies and is plagued by flabby bureaucracy? Was Microsoft so big and powerful that it was invincible, at least long enough to come up with its next act? And are today's Facebook or Google comparable to a 2013 Microsoft — so entrenched that they can thrive even if they're not the best?

I don't have definitive answers, and size and power don't guarantee that a company can weather many mistakes and stay relevant. But a lot of the drama and fighting about technology in 2021 hinge on those questions. Maybe Google search, Amazon shopping and Facebook's ads are incredibly great. Or maybe we simply can't imagine better alternatives because powerful companies don't need to be great to keep winning.

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Before we go …

  • Online chaos campaigns in miniature: My colleague Sheera Frenkel has a wild tale about Iranian agents posing as Israelis to post divisive messages in small online groups on messaging apps like WhatsApp and Telegram. Targeting small groups enabled the agents to make trouble within trusting communities and was a way to avoid being detected by tech companies that monitor for mass online disinformation.
  • Video games without fancy computers: Kellen Browning examines the efforts of companies like Google and Microsoft to shift video games from being played on specialized hardware to being accessible remotely over the web. The technology isn't quite there yet, but cloud gaming could allow people to play any game on any device, and it might be the beginning of the end for apps.
  • Tweeting for good: An automated account in Indonesia turns people's tweets into maps showing locations and real-time information about floods, earthquakes and other hazards, Rest of World reports. The bot, called PetaBencana, also works with the Indonesian authorities to help them respond more quickly to disasters.

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2021年6月30日 星期三

The T List: Five things we recommend this week

A book of contemporary queer photography, sculptures from Ditte Blohm — and more.

Welcome to the T List, a newsletter from the editors of T Magazine. Each week, we share things we're eating, wearing, listening to or coveting now. Sign up here to find us in your inbox every Wednesday. And you can always reach us at tlist@nytimes.com.

SEE THIS

An Exhibition That Takes on Climate Change

A selection of photographs from Jeff Frost's project "California on Fire" (2011-18) featured in the exhibition "Implied Scale" at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City. Photo: John Berens. Courtesy of Mana Contemporary.

By Korsha Wilson

T Contributor

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In 2011, while Southern California-based artist Jeff Frost was en route to paint an abandoned building in Bombay Beach, his drive was cut short by a wildfire that would ultimately consume over 500 acres of land. "I dropped what I was doing and just time-lapsed it all night long," he remembers. Fascinated by this fast moving and destructive force, he set out on a new mission: to document how residents, firefighters and news outlets coped with these dangerous occurrences, purchasing special protective equipment to best capture the blaze. The 300,000 photographs and time-lapse videos he made — of 70 different wildfires from 2011 to 2018 — are part of his latest work, "California on Fire," a frighteningly vibrant and intimate look at the environment, which is now part of the group show "Implied Scale: Confronting the Enormity of Climate Change" at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, on view through July 22. Using photography, video, drawing and installation, artists either confront climate change head-on or pay homage to nature. Included are photographs of leaf-cutter ants in Costa Rica by Catherine Chalmers and a 70-foot-long mural by Ted Kim that depicts the incredible amount of trash accumulated in cities, among others. As with Frost's work, the intention of the exhibition, notes Kele McComsey, director at Mana Contemporary, is to make the viewer think about changes they can make. "Don't disconnect yourself from nature," he says. "We're all sharing the same space." "Implied Scale: Confronting the Enormity of Climate Change" is on view at Mana Contemporary through July 22, manacontemporary.com.

WEAR THIS

A Ready-to-Wear Resort Collection From a Resort

A look from the Essentials by Aman.Chris Colls

By Flo Wales Bonner

T Contributor

Since 1988 — with the opening of Amanpuri, an idyllic boutique retreat on a secluded peninsula in Phuket, in Thailand — Aman Resorts has become famous for its signature combination of lavish hospitality and architecture informed by each property's local design vernacular. Now comprising over 30 resorts worldwide, from Cambodia to Morocco, the hotel group is drawing further inspiration from its destinations with its first foray into ready-to-wear. The collection of men's and women's clothing and accessories includes unfussy slip dresses, tailored shorts and monogrammed shirts — plus a selection of sleek swim- and active wear — in colors lifted from Aman's most sun-soaked locations, including dusty ochers, baked terra-cottas and marine blues. Made in Italy, pieces are crafted from materials including silk, linen, cashmere and Japanese cotton and, according to Kristina Romanova, Russian fashion model and director of product development at Aman, are designed to put their wearers firmly into "vacation mode." The Essentials by Aman collection is available at Aman boutiques worldwide, from $61.

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READ THIS

For Pride Month, a Compendium of Contemporary Queer Photography

Images by Christopher Sherman (left) and Bettina Pittaluga (right) from Benjamin Wolbergs's "New Queer Photography."Courtesy of the artists and Benjamini Wolbergs

By Kurt Soller

The fact that Pride Month in the United States began just as many American cities were emerging from over a year of hibernation meant that the internet was suddenly full of L.G.B.T.Q. people celebrating, protesting, going to the beach — living in the world — which got me thinking of the power of such everyday imagery and, in particular, one book of photography that Gingko Press published last September. Called "New Queer Photography: Focus on the Margins," it's a large-scale survey of 52 rising and established international artists whose work spans from plainly erotic to achingly sweet, activism-minded to amusingly camp. Most of the artists featured are portraitists, and I find myself drawn to M. Sharkey's naturalist, documentary-style images of gay and trans teenagers; Bettina Pittaluga's celebrations of couples across a broad spectrum of body types; Luis Venegas's twinks akimbo; and Christopher Sherman's oddly cropped 35 mm male gaze on male skin. Really, though, it's the collective — these artists and their subjects together — that speaks most to the current moment: As the editor Benjamin Wolbergs asks in the introduction to his book, "Isn't a marginal perspective in many ways much more exciting than looking at things from the center?" Of course it is. $65, gingkopress.com.

COVET THIS

Otherworldly Sculptures Made in Isolation

From left: Ditte Blohm's "Blue King" (2020) and "Blue Mountain" (2020).Ditte Blohm

By Tilly Macalister-Smith

T Contributor

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Before the pandemic, the London-based Danish ceramist Ditte Blohm — whose work spans elegant tableware to free-form porcelain to stoneware sculptures — would regularly escape on "solitude retreats," renting a cottage and turning off all digital distractions before returning to her studio in Walthamstow. Comfortable with isolation, Blohm spent last year producing a new series of intensely expressive sculptures, which she calls "mind maps." In stark contrast to her more minimalist pieces, these bold works take as their inspiration "small snippets of memories — an experience, a smell, a person," she says. Blohm often works on five or six sculptures at a time, building, drying, firing and glazing them over many weeks. "Each is different, and they all have their own little soul," she says of the sculptures in this series, which were all shaped by hand. Her art echoes the Japanese philosophy of wabi-sabi — "finding perfection in the imperfect" — and the Danish design tradition of marrying simplicity with function. "My work is very much about being present," she says. "If I can enjoy what's here right now, that's all I need." Available through the gallery space and design studio 8 Holland Street, 8hollandstreet.com.

BUY THIS

A Collaboration From Jil Sander and Birkenstock

Styles from Birkenstock's fall 2021 collaboration with Jil Sander, including the Berlin (left) and the Milano (right).Talia Chetrit

By Angela Koh

Lucie and Luke Meier, the husband-and-wife creative directors of Jil Sander, have fond memories of wearing Birkenstocks growing up. "They were my dry shoes for my canoe trips in Ontario," says Luke of the vacations he took as a kid. For Lucie, they were her go-to house shoes for as long as she can remember. Today, the duo owns several pairs between them. And it's no wonder why: Founded in 1774, Birkenstocks have been the world's most dependable shoe for comfort and practicality. Now, these two brands are collaborating on a new line of shoes. Launching this week, the collection will include four styles in earthy tones: cream, olive and black. Three of the sandals are redesigns of classic Birkenstocks — the Arizona, Berlin and Milano — with raised soles, elongated straps and a thin, silver buckle. The fourth style, the Velan, is a new shape for the German-based shoemaker, featuring a round closed toe and a soft leather strap that wraps around the ankle — a familiar trait in shoes from Jil Sander. From $475, jilsander.com and 1774.com.

FROM T'S INSTAGRAM

A Boutique Hotel in the Umbrian Countryside

The hotel pool at the Reschio estate in Italy's Umbrian hills.Courtesy of Reschio

The Reschio estate, over 3,000 acres of land in Italy's Umbrian hills, was bought by Count Antonio Bolza in 1994, and in the decades that followed, his son Count Benedikt and daughter-in-law, Donna Nencia, have set about transforming the crumbling farmhouses that dot the land into one-of-a-kind private homes. The property's Hotel Castello di Reschio features terra-cotta-brick and wooden floors, hand-stitched linen curtains, locally crafted marble and brass vanities, and bespoke beds and lights designed by Benedikt's own furniture arm, B.B. for Reschio. Every room has its own character and quirks, from original stone-carved fireplaces to an old olive press. For more, follow us on Instagram.

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