2021年7月21日 星期三

My Quest to Become a Better Aunt

To develop a closer bond with my nephew, I asked the experts where to start.

My Quest to Become a Better Aunt

By Julia Calderone

Sophia Foster-Dimino

When my sister called to tell me she was pregnant, my future with the kid instantly flashed before my eyes. Soon, I thought, we'd be wearing matching earth-toned jumpsuits in my Brooklyn studio apartment, baking cookies and butt-bumping to the latest LCD Soundsystem album.

Sure, we lived nearly 3,000 miles apart. But I was about to be an aunt for the first time, and I was definitely going to be present in that baby's life.

Cut to about four years later, and my nephew hasn't even come close to setting his plump little foot across the threshold of my fourth-floor walk-up. And the bulk of our communication is relegated to birthdays and holidays, with a sporadic "hello" on the phone every month or two.

So the question lingers: Am I a bad aunt?

Dr. Pooja Lakshmin, a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine, said that the idealized expectations and ensuing guilt that many aunts and uncles have when close relationships with their nieces and nephews don't materialize are common and normal.

"Everybody is really busy, in their own jobs and their own lives," Dr. Lakshmin said. "It's one thing to sort of have this fantasy of what your experience of being an aunt is going to look like, but, in reality, it's actually really hard to connect with a newborn or even a toddler from a long distance."

Amy Kugler, 39, a writer and content strategist in Seattle, said she understands this struggle from both sides. She's not only a mom who wishes her stepbrothers were closer with her 4-year-old son, she's also an aunt who regrets not having a better long-distance relationship with one stepbrother's 18-year-old son.

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"I feel the most guilt over my relationship with my nephew because I haven't been as present for him," she said. In June, those feelings intensified as she watched him graduate from high school in Alabama via YouTube from her TV. "I was crying because I'm not there and I should be."

Women, especially, may feel disproportionate pressure to perform in their roles as aunts, Dr. Lakshmin said, or may think that they should already know how to do it well. "The fact that it isn't coming naturally might make you feel worried, when it really shouldn't, because it's something that everybody has to learn," she said.

The experts I spoke with agreed, that whether you're an aunt or an uncle, it's never too late to form a better bond with your sibling and their kids — no matter if you live across the country or around the corner. Here's how.

Start with a frank conversation.

If you're an aunt or uncle who doesn't have kids of your own, Dr. Lakshmin said, it's almost like you have to learn a different language. "You're not versed in the world of being a parent. The TV shows, the toys, all of the struggles," she said. "It's really hard to even know what questions to ask."

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It can be helpful to start by asking your sibling about what their hopes and expectations are for you, said Joseph S. Tan, a clinical psychologist in the department of family medicine at UVA Health in Virginia.

"Different people are going to have different needs and different wants," Dr. Tan said, "and some things they would prefer to handle themselves, and other things they would want a little help with." He recommended being honest about what you're hoping for with this budding relationship, too, and why you need your sibling's help.

You can also support your sibling by putting forth a little more effort in the beginning, just after your niece or nephew is born, Dr. Lakshmin said. Maybe that means offering to babysit or help do laundry every Wednesday. Or if you live far away, Dr. Lakshmin suggested, you might send your sibling dinner one night per week for a few weeks.

"Things like that, that aren't even necessarily having to do with your connection with your niece or nephew," she said, "but just supporting your sibling through a hard time, so that your sibling sort of knows like, 'Hey, I'm here, I want to be involved.'"

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Create a regular ritual.

Planning one night a week that you'll read a story together in person or over Zoom, or a yearly vacation for the whole family, can lighten your sibling's load and strengthen family connections, the experts said.

"The key is having something regular," Dr. Lakshmin said, so parents can know, "'Thursday night we don't have to worry about dinner because it's going to be takeout that my sister is going to send. Or Saturday night I get to have 20 minutes of free time to drink a glass of wine in peace because Joey is going to get a Zoom book.'"

Once your niece or nephew gets older, you can expand your activities, Dr. Lakshmin said. Send letters back and forth in the mail, watch a favorite TV show together, or even sign yourselves up for a virtual cooking class.

Just be mindful about gifting toys or projects that might create even more stress for a parent, Dr. Lakshmin noted. Loud toys and glitter are common offenders. If you live nearby, she said, offer to store any particularly cacophonous playthings at your house.

Don't let the past get in the way of showing up.

If you have a fraught relationship with your sibling, it can be easy to let criticism or feelings of guilt or blame interfere with being there for a niece or nephew, Dr. Lakshmin said. Don't let them. "Eventually, these little humans are going to be teenagers and adults, and you will have a completely separate relationship with them than the one that you have with your sibling," she said.

Thinking about an aunt or uncle who played an important, if imperfect, role in your life can help lessen the pressure, she said.

My own uncle, for instance, taught me how to drive a car when I was 11. Sure, he almost got both of us arrested, but I'll always look back on that time fondly.

Keep your interest genuine.

Kids can tell when you're forcing interest or performatively asking questions, Dr. Tan said, so only ask questions you're honestly interested in knowing the answers to.

"I think as the children get a little bit older, there's a lot of power in showing genuine interest in them," he said, "That's important for the relationship and it's also something you can't fake."

A couple of weeks ago my sister texted me a photo of my nephew, whose hair had grown long and luxurious during the pandemic and had been expertly French braided by a helper at his preschool. I thought back to our childhood, when my sister used to braid my own curly hair at least once a week before school.

The next time my nephew and I talk, I'm going to tell him all about it.

Julia Calderone is a health and science editor for Well and an aspiring cool auntie.

Want More on the Importance of Aunts and Uncles?

  • Kristen Martin wrote in a moving essay that after her father died young, his sisters stepped in to keep his memory alive.
  • Laura Richards highlighted the importance of the "honorary auntie," a committed friend of the family who has a special relationship with the kids.
  • In a review of Alecia McKenzie's novel "A Million Aunties," writer Maisy Card called the book an "emotionally resonant ode to adopted families and community resilience."
  • Here's how one Chinese "auntie" went on a solo road trip to escape unhappiness and became a feminist icon.
  • In Opinion, Frank Bruni revealed the secret to "all-fun parenting": It's being an aunt or uncle. "You get to skim the cream of the child-rearing experience, even more so than grandparents do," he wrote. "You're on the hook for little in the way of obligations; you're in line for lots in the way of fun."

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Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let's celebrate the tiny victories.

My husband and I recently told our 2-year-old that a few of his storybooks went on vacation so we don't have to read them for what feels like the 39,676th time. They'll be back — hopefully with well-rested spines — in two weeks. — Patty Lee, Brooklyn, N.Y.

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

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2021年7月20日 星期二

Of Delta and the Dow

What, if anything, can we learn from a stock market swoon?
Carlo Allegri/Reuters
Author Headshot

By Paul Krugman

Opinion Columnist

On Oct. 19, 1987, stocks plunged: The Dow fell almost 23 percent in a single day. Over the next week the media attempted to link the plunge to various news items that had been reported over the days preceding that Black Monday.

But Robert Shiller of Yale University (a future Nobel laureate) was uniquely positioned to figure out what had actually happened. He had been conducting surveys of investor behavior and had a list of fax numbers that allowed him to ask a wide range of investors, just hours after the plunge, what had motivated them to sell. And he found essentially no evidence for any of the rationales offered after the fact. For the most part, investors attributed their decision to sell to the fact that … stock prices were falling. It was basically a self-reinforcing panic.

I bring up this old story as a caution against taking any efforts to explain yesterday's stock price decline too seriously. Most news reports are attributing the crash to fears about the Delta variant and a resurgence of Covid-19, and it's true that the epidemiological news has gotten worse lately, largely because so many people are refusing to get vaccinated. But was there substantially more reason for pessimism on Monday than there had already been the previous week? We really don't know what triggered the sell-off.

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That said, we have a pretty good idea what didn't cause the stock plunge: It clearly had nothing to do with the fears of inflation some economists and pundits have been trying to stir up.

How do we know this? If you want evidence about what investors think will happen to the economy, you don't want to look at just stock prices. You also want to look at long-term interest rates.

In fact, you mainly want to look at long-term interest rates, for a couple of reasons. One is that the bond market isn't as sexy as the stock market; it gets far less attention from the general public. As a result, there's probably less emotion-driven bond trading than stock trading — you hear about "meme stocks" like GameStop, but I've never heard anyone go on about meme bonds.

The other is that the effects of the economy on bonds are clearer than the effects on stocks. The prospect of a boom raises expected profits, which pushes stocks up — but it also raises expected future interest rates, which pushes stocks down. Stocks can therefore go either way; but interest rates on long-term bonds, which mainly reflect expected future short-term rates, give a clear indication about which way investors think it's going.

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So, about stagflation: Back in the spring a number of economists, most vocally Larry Summers, warned that President Biden's first major piece of legislation, the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan, was too big. Putting out that much money, they warned, would cause the economy to overheat and bring back something like 1970s-style inflation.

It's important to note that they weren't talking about the kind of inflation we've seen over the past four months, which is largely driven by what should be transitory factors as we emerge from the pandemic. A remarkably large share of recent inflation has been driven simply by a presumably temporary spike in the price of used cars.

No, what Summers and company were and are concerned about is something a bit longer-term: An unsustainable large boom in spending that, like the boom in the late 1960s, will lead to a rise in underlying inflation — and eventually force the Federal Reserve to push the economy into a recession to get prices back under control.

This isn't a crazy scenario. For a variety of reasons, I don't think it will happen, but that's not an argument I want to rehash right now. My point, instead, is that what we saw in the markets Monday wasn't at all what you'd expect to see if investors were suddenly starting to worry that Larry is right. Yes, fears of stagflation would send stock prices lower. But they would also send long-term interest rates higher. And what actually happened was the opposite: Bond yields plunged to their lowest level in five months.

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For what it's worth, Monday's market action was what you'd expect to see if investors suddenly became concerned that the Biden stimulus was too small, not that it was too big. What actually happened? I don't know; maybe it was the Delta variant. Although maybe somebody can still do a Shiller-type survey.

And let's also note that while it's always worth paying attention to what the markets are doing — unlike pundits, myself included, investors are putting real money on the line — the actual track record of markets at predicting future inflation, or, well, anything is quite poor.

Above all, remember the three key principles when thinking or writing about financial markets: 1) The stock market is not the economy. 2) The stock market is not the economy. 3) The stock market is not the economy.

Quick Hits

Stock prices move too much.

After that 1987 crash, economic growth … accelerated.

Markets aren't worried about inflation.

Unfortunately, their track record at predicting inflation is terrible.

Feedback If you're enjoying what you're reading, please consider recommending it to friends. They can sign up here. If you want to share your thoughts on an item in this week's newsletter or on the newsletter in general, please email me at krugman-newsletter@nytimes.com.

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Death Valley hit 130 degrees the other day.YouTube

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