2021年7月21日 星期三

On Tech: The nightmare of our snooping phones

A Catholic official's resignation shows the real-world consequences of practices by data-harvesting industries.

The nightmare of our snooping phones

A Catholic official's resignation shows the real-world consequences of practices by America's data-harvesting industries.

Ruru Kuo

"Data privacy" is one of those terms that feels stripped of all emotion. It's like a flat soda. At least until America's failures to build even basic data privacy protections carry flesh-and-blood repercussions.

This week, a top official in the Roman Catholic Church's American hierarchy resigned after a news site said that it had data from his cellphone that appeared to show the administrator using the L.G.B.T.Q. dating app Grindr and regularly going to gay bars. Journalists had access to data on the movements and digital trails of his mobile phone for parts of three years and were able to retrace where he went.

I know that people will have complex feelings about this matter. Some of you may believe that it's acceptable to use any means necessary to determine when a public figure is breaking his promises, including when it's a priest who may have broken his vow of celibacy.

To me, though, this isn't about one man. This is about a structural failure that allows real-time data on Americans' movements to exist in the first place and to be used without our knowledge or true consent. This case shows the tangible consequences of practices by America's vast and largely unregulated data-harvesting industries.

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The reality in the United States is that there are few legal or other restrictions to prevent companies from compiling the precise locations of where we roam and selling that information to anyone. This data is in the hands of companies that we deal with daily, like Facebook and Google, and also with information-for-hire middlemen that we never directly interact with.

This data is often packaged in bulk and is anonymous in theory, but it can often be traced back to individuals, as the tale of the Catholic official shows. The existence of this data in such sheer volume on virtually everyone creates the conditions for misuse that can affect the wicked and virtuous alike.

The Internal Revenue Service has bought commercially available location data from people's mobile phones to hunt (apparently ineffectively) for financial criminals. U.S. defense contractors and military agencies have obtained location data from apps that people use to pray or hang their shelves. Stalkers have found targets by obtaining information on people's locations from mobile phone companies. When Americans go to rallies or protests, political campaigns buy information on attendees to target them with messages.

I am exasperated that there are still no federal laws restricting the collection or use of location data. If I made a tech to-do list for Congress, such restrictions would be at the top of my agenda. (I'm encouraged by some of the congressional proposals and pending state legislation to restrict aspects of personal location data collection or use.)

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Most Americans by now understand that our phones are tracking our movements, even if we don't necessarily know all the gory details. And I know how easy it can be to feel angry resignation or just think, "so what?" I want to resist both of those reactions.

Hopelessness helps no one, although that's often how I feel, too. Losing control of our data was not inevitable. It was a choice — or rather a failure over years by individuals, governments and corporations to think through the consequences of the digital age. We can now choose a different path.

And even if you believe that you and your family have nothing to hide, I suspect that many people would feel unnerved if someone followed their teenager or spouse everywhere they went. What we have now is maybe worse. Potentially thousands of times of day, our phones report our locations, and we can't really stop them. (Still, here are steps we can take to tone down the hellishness.)

The New York Times editorial board wrote in 2019 that if the U.S. government had ordered Americans to provide constant information about their locations, the public and members of Congress would likely revolt. Yet, slowly over time, we have collectively and tacitly agreed to hand over this data voluntarily.

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We derive benefits from this location-harvesting system, including from real-time traffic apps and nearby stores that send us coupons. But we shouldn't have to accept in return the perpetual and increasingly invasive surveillance of our movements.

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Before we go …

Hugs to this

One of my favorite weird (in a good way) Twitter accounts belongs to the Wild Bird Fund, a wildlife rehab and education center. Example: "Cedar waxwing parents can't miss the iridescent strips marking the entryway to their kids' Tunnel of Food Fun."

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My Quest to Become a Better Aunt

To develop a closer bond with my nephew, I asked the experts where to start.

My Quest to Become a Better Aunt

By Julia Calderone

Sophia Foster-Dimino

When my sister called to tell me she was pregnant, my future with the kid instantly flashed before my eyes. Soon, I thought, we'd be wearing matching earth-toned jumpsuits in my Brooklyn studio apartment, baking cookies and butt-bumping to the latest LCD Soundsystem album.

Sure, we lived nearly 3,000 miles apart. But I was about to be an aunt for the first time, and I was definitely going to be present in that baby's life.

Cut to about four years later, and my nephew hasn't even come close to setting his plump little foot across the threshold of my fourth-floor walk-up. And the bulk of our communication is relegated to birthdays and holidays, with a sporadic "hello" on the phone every month or two.

So the question lingers: Am I a bad aunt?

Dr. Pooja Lakshmin, a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine, said that the idealized expectations and ensuing guilt that many aunts and uncles have when close relationships with their nieces and nephews don't materialize are common and normal.

"Everybody is really busy, in their own jobs and their own lives," Dr. Lakshmin said. "It's one thing to sort of have this fantasy of what your experience of being an aunt is going to look like, but, in reality, it's actually really hard to connect with a newborn or even a toddler from a long distance."

Amy Kugler, 39, a writer and content strategist in Seattle, said she understands this struggle from both sides. She's not only a mom who wishes her stepbrothers were closer with her 4-year-old son, she's also an aunt who regrets not having a better long-distance relationship with one stepbrother's 18-year-old son.

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"I feel the most guilt over my relationship with my nephew because I haven't been as present for him," she said. In June, those feelings intensified as she watched him graduate from high school in Alabama via YouTube from her TV. "I was crying because I'm not there and I should be."

Women, especially, may feel disproportionate pressure to perform in their roles as aunts, Dr. Lakshmin said, or may think that they should already know how to do it well. "The fact that it isn't coming naturally might make you feel worried, when it really shouldn't, because it's something that everybody has to learn," she said.

The experts I spoke with agreed, that whether you're an aunt or an uncle, it's never too late to form a better bond with your sibling and their kids — no matter if you live across the country or around the corner. Here's how.

Start with a frank conversation.

If you're an aunt or uncle who doesn't have kids of your own, Dr. Lakshmin said, it's almost like you have to learn a different language. "You're not versed in the world of being a parent. The TV shows, the toys, all of the struggles," she said. "It's really hard to even know what questions to ask."

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It can be helpful to start by asking your sibling about what their hopes and expectations are for you, said Joseph S. Tan, a clinical psychologist in the department of family medicine at UVA Health in Virginia.

"Different people are going to have different needs and different wants," Dr. Tan said, "and some things they would prefer to handle themselves, and other things they would want a little help with." He recommended being honest about what you're hoping for with this budding relationship, too, and why you need your sibling's help.

You can also support your sibling by putting forth a little more effort in the beginning, just after your niece or nephew is born, Dr. Lakshmin said. Maybe that means offering to babysit or help do laundry every Wednesday. Or if you live far away, Dr. Lakshmin suggested, you might send your sibling dinner one night per week for a few weeks.

"Things like that, that aren't even necessarily having to do with your connection with your niece or nephew," she said, "but just supporting your sibling through a hard time, so that your sibling sort of knows like, 'Hey, I'm here, I want to be involved.'"

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Create a regular ritual.

Planning one night a week that you'll read a story together in person or over Zoom, or a yearly vacation for the whole family, can lighten your sibling's load and strengthen family connections, the experts said.

"The key is having something regular," Dr. Lakshmin said, so parents can know, "'Thursday night we don't have to worry about dinner because it's going to be takeout that my sister is going to send. Or Saturday night I get to have 20 minutes of free time to drink a glass of wine in peace because Joey is going to get a Zoom book.'"

Once your niece or nephew gets older, you can expand your activities, Dr. Lakshmin said. Send letters back and forth in the mail, watch a favorite TV show together, or even sign yourselves up for a virtual cooking class.

Just be mindful about gifting toys or projects that might create even more stress for a parent, Dr. Lakshmin noted. Loud toys and glitter are common offenders. If you live nearby, she said, offer to store any particularly cacophonous playthings at your house.

Don't let the past get in the way of showing up.

If you have a fraught relationship with your sibling, it can be easy to let criticism or feelings of guilt or blame interfere with being there for a niece or nephew, Dr. Lakshmin said. Don't let them. "Eventually, these little humans are going to be teenagers and adults, and you will have a completely separate relationship with them than the one that you have with your sibling," she said.

Thinking about an aunt or uncle who played an important, if imperfect, role in your life can help lessen the pressure, she said.

My own uncle, for instance, taught me how to drive a car when I was 11. Sure, he almost got both of us arrested, but I'll always look back on that time fondly.

Keep your interest genuine.

Kids can tell when you're forcing interest or performatively asking questions, Dr. Tan said, so only ask questions you're honestly interested in knowing the answers to.

"I think as the children get a little bit older, there's a lot of power in showing genuine interest in them," he said, "That's important for the relationship and it's also something you can't fake."

A couple of weeks ago my sister texted me a photo of my nephew, whose hair had grown long and luxurious during the pandemic and had been expertly French braided by a helper at his preschool. I thought back to our childhood, when my sister used to braid my own curly hair at least once a week before school.

The next time my nephew and I talk, I'm going to tell him all about it.

Julia Calderone is a health and science editor for Well and an aspiring cool auntie.

Want More on the Importance of Aunts and Uncles?

  • Kristen Martin wrote in a moving essay that after her father died young, his sisters stepped in to keep his memory alive.
  • Laura Richards highlighted the importance of the "honorary auntie," a committed friend of the family who has a special relationship with the kids.
  • In a review of Alecia McKenzie's novel "A Million Aunties," writer Maisy Card called the book an "emotionally resonant ode to adopted families and community resilience."
  • Here's how one Chinese "auntie" went on a solo road trip to escape unhappiness and became a feminist icon.
  • In Opinion, Frank Bruni revealed the secret to "all-fun parenting": It's being an aunt or uncle. "You get to skim the cream of the child-rearing experience, even more so than grandparents do," he wrote. "You're on the hook for little in the way of obligations; you're in line for lots in the way of fun."

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Tiny Victories

Parenting can be a grind. Let's celebrate the tiny victories.

My husband and I recently told our 2-year-old that a few of his storybooks went on vacation so we don't have to read them for what feels like the 39,676th time. They'll be back — hopefully with well-rested spines — in two weeks. — Patty Lee, Brooklyn, N.Y.

If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting and use the hashtag #tinyvictories; email us; or enter your Tiny Victory at the bottom of this page. Include your full name and location. Tiny Victories may be edited for clarity and style. Your name, location and comments may be published, but your contact information will not. By submitting to us, you agree that you have read, understand and accept the Reader Submission Terms in relation to all of the content and other information you send to us.

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