2021年8月3日 星期二

Lock Florida down now!

Time to revisit the 2020 playbook.
A health care worker at a Covid-19 mobile testing site operated by the Florida Department of Health in Manatee County.Octavio Jones/Reuters
Author Headshot

By Paul Krugman

Opinion Columnist

When you're a wonk trying to be a pundit — or for that matter any kind of technocrat who wants to have real-world influence — it's usually not helpful to push for policies that you believe would be right in principle but have no political chance of becoming reality.

The prime example for me has been health insurance. If our goal is to make sure that everyone has adequate, affordable health care, why not just pay for everyone's care? On policy grounds, I've never disagreed with the proposition that we should have Medicare for all; there's even a pretty good case for direct provision of medical care along the lines of Britain's National Health Service. Why bother with a Rube Goldberg device like Obamacare, which uses regulations and subsidies to nudge private insurers into covering most people?

But the politics are impossible, and not just because of special interests: You'd have to persuade the 170 million Americans with private insurance to accept something completely different. Even though most of them would probably be better off, that's too heavy a lift. So incremental reform, possibly evolving over time into single-payer, is how it's going to have to be.

Sometimes, though, it may be helpful to talk about what a government really should be doing, even if there isn't a snowball's chance in Miami Beach that they'll take your advice, simply as a way of highlighting the wrongheadedness of what that government is actually doing.

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Which brings me to current pandemic policy in red states, the subject of today's column. Imagine for a moment that Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida were to have a sudden attack of conscience — if he were suddenly to admit to himself the carnage his Covid denial has created — and were to do an abrupt about-face, trying to limit the damage. (Like I said, a snowball's chance in Miami Beach.) What would he do?

The answer, I'd submit, is that he'd call for an immediate, fairly strict lockdown: mask requirements, a ban on indoor dining, the works.

To see why, let's revisit the logic behind the lockdowns we had in 2020.

In the early days of the pandemic, effective vaccines seemed like a remote prospect, and it looked like a good bet that almost everyone would eventually come down with Covid-19. Even so, it was important that we "flatten the curve" in an attempt to avoid having too many people need hospitalization all at once so as not to overwhelm the health care system. And lockdowns did that.

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As it turned out, however, we had a scientific miracle: Remarkably effective vaccines became available faster than anyone had imagined possible. But this miracle didn't mean that the lockdowns had been a mistake. On the contrary, it meant that they were an even better idea than we realized, because they bought time to get vaccines developed and distributed. People who managed to avoid getting infected during the pandemic's first year, then got their shots, are now likely to dodge the virus altogether or suffer only a mild case. Infections deferred were infections avoided, after all.

Unfortunately, the U.S. vaccination drive, while very successful at first, eventually ran into a wall. Politics wasn't the only reason vaccination slowed to a crawl, but it was a large part of the story — and the resurgence of Covid associated with the Delta variant has been strongly concentrated in a few red states, of which Florida is the most important.

What I haven't seen too many people pointing out clearly is that thanks to this gratuitous policy failure, Florida and a few other states are basically back where the whole country was in 2020.

On one side, soaring case loads are overwhelming the hospitals. On the other side, there's good reason to believe that salvation awaits for those who manage to avoid getting infected in the next couple of months. At this point it's not a matter of developing and distributing vaccines; they're available. Now it's about getting people to take them. But there are growing signs that this is going to happen — that the great vaccination pause will soon be over and vaccination rates will surge again.

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Partly this is happening via individual choice: Despite Tucker Carlson's best efforts, the realization that not getting vaccinated is a huge mistake seems to be seeping through. Vaccination rates are rising again, especially in states with large numbers of new cases.

Employers are also taking a hand, with a growing number of private companies and some government agencies starting to require that their employees get vaccinated. These localized mandates won't cover everyone, but they'll probably help establish being vaccinated as the new norm.

So once again we're in a situation where making it through the next couple of months may well mean avoiding ever catching this thing.

The implications for my imaginary, conscience-stricken DeSantis are clear: He should call for a brief but intense lockdown that drastically reduces the number of new cases, sparing the hospital system from overload and buying time for vaccine resistance to crumble and his state to achieve something like herd immunity.

Needless to say, actual DeSantis will do the opposite, refusing to acknowledge the danger and doing all he can to prevent an effective response to the Delta surge. But I hope that my thought experiment at least has the virtue of showing how bad his likely behavior will be.

When do we get bumper stickers saying, "DeSantis denied, people died"?

Quick Hits

Remember when we were doing better than Europe?

These days, density is (slightly) your friend when it comes to vaccination.

Anti-drunk-driving in the infrastructure bill.

Andy Slavitt on how things have changed in the past month.

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Facing the Music

Covid wouldn't let you fly, but it did let you sing.YouTube

Mother, should I trust the government?

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On Tech: Innovation invites hucksters

Unscrupulous, boundary-pushing executives seem to be an inescapable part of the most exciting technology.

Innovation invites hucksters

Unscrupulous, boundary-pushing executives seem to be an inescapable part of the most exciting technology.

Timo Lenzen

I'm angry about start-up founders who over-promise, behave badly and sometimes crater their companies and walk away unscathed.

But deep down, I also wonder whether unscrupulous, boundary-pushing executives are an inescapable part of innovation — rather than an aberration.

If we want world-changing technology, are hucksters part of the deal? This is a version of a question that I wrestle with about technologies including Facebook and Uber: Is the best of what technology can do inextricably linked to all the horribles?

I've been thinking about this recently because of the glare on two start-up founders, Adam Neumann and Trevor Milton.

Neumann used to be the chief executive of the office rental start-up WeWork. He boasted that his company would transform the nature of work (on Earth and Mars), forge new bonds of social cohesion and make boatloads of money. WeWork has done none of those things.

A new book details the ways that WeWork mostly just rented cubicles, burned through piles of other people's money, treated employees like garbage and made Neumann stinking rich as the company nearly collapsed in 2019. WeWork has stuck around in less outlandish form without Neumann.

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And last week, federal authorities charged Milton with duping investors in his electric truck start-up Nikola into believing that the company's battery- and hydrogen-powered vehicle technology was far more capable than it really was. Among the allegations are that Milton ordered the doctoring of a promotional video to make a Nikola prototype truck appear to be fully functional when it was not. (Milton's legal team has said that the government was seeking to "criminalize lawful business conduct.")

It's easy to shake your head at these people and others — including the Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes who will soon be on trial for fraud — and wonder what personal failures led them to mislead, hype, and crash and burn.

But people like Holmes, Neumann and Milton are not oopsies. They are the extreme outcomes of a start-up system that rewards people who have the biggest and most outrageous ideas possible, even if they have to fudge a little (or a lot).

I am constantly furious about this system that seems to force start-ups to shoot for the moon, or else. WeWork had a basically smart, if not entirely original, idea to remove many of the headaches of commercial office leasing. But that wasn't enough, and I almost don't blame Neumann for that.

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Disproportionate rewards go to the entrepreneurs and companies that can sell a vision of billions of users and values in the trillions of dollars. This is why Airbnb doesn't merely say that it lets people rent a home in an app. The company says that Airbnb helps "people satisfy a fundamental human need for connection." It's why delivery companies like Uber and DoorDash are aiming to deliver any possible physical product to anyone, and companies think they have to make virtual reality become as popular as smartphones. Merely earthbound ambitions aren't good enough.

Those conditions tempt people to skirt the edges of what's right and legal. But I also wonder if curtailing the excesses would also curb the ambition that we want. Sometimes the zeal to imagine ridiculously grand visions of the future brings us Theranos. And sometimes it brings us Google. Are these two sides of the same coin?

Elon Musk shows both the good and the bad of what happens when technologists dream outlandishly big. Perhaps more than any single person, Musk has made it possible for automakers, governments and all of us to imagine electric cars replacing conventional ones. This is a potentially planet-transforming change.

But Musk has also endangered people's lives by overhyping driver-assistance technology, has repeatedly over-promised technology that hasn't panned out and has skirted both the law and human decency.

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I used to half-jokingly ask a former colleague: Why can't Musk just make cars? But maybe it's impossible to separate the reckless carnival barker who deludes himself and others from the bold ideas that really are helping to change the world for the better.

I hate thinking this. I want to believe that technologies can succeed without aiming to reprogram all of humanity and without the associated temptations to engage in fraud or abuse. I want the good Musk without the bad. I want the wonderful and empowering elements of social media without the genocide. But I just don't know if we can separate the wonderful from the awful.

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Before we go …

  • The next target of China's tech crackdown? The authorities showed that they may be unhappy with video game companies, my colleague Cao Li reported, and stock prices crashed for some big Chinese game makers. China's government has pushed recently for tighter regulation of tech companies, including going after Chinese companies that go public outside the country, those that provide food delivery or online tutoring and the country's ubiquitous WeChat app.
  • That's one way to get Facebook's attention: It's almost impossible for people who lose access to their Facebook accounts to get hold of anyone at the company for help. Some people figured out a workaround, NPR reported: Buy one of Facebook's $299 Oculus virtual reality headsets, call Oculus's customer service team and have them help restore a Facebook account. Yeah, that's nuts, and it doesn't always work.
  • The mystery of the missing Dan Brown book: My colleague Caity Weaver goes down a rabbit hole to figure out if a botched bar code explains why online book resellers kept sending the wrong titles to someone trying to buy a novelty 1995 dating book by the author of "The Da Vinci Code."

Hugs to this

A very fast and acrobatic cat interrupted a baseball game for multiple minutes, as the crowd cheered it on and booed the pesky humans trying to shoo the cat off the field. My colleague Daniel Victor wrote about the animal antics in professional baseball on Monday night.

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