2021年9月16日 星期四

On Tech: The spying that changed Big Tech

The backlash against Big Tech traces back partly to the Snowden disclosures.

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September 16, 2021

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The spying that changed Big Tech

Tomasz Woźniakowski

I want to rewind to a recent point in history when the United States government snooped on American technology companies. It helps us more fully understand the current climate of mistrust between Big Tech, U.S. politicians and the American public.

In 2013, reporting by The Washington Post — based on documents from the former U.S. government contractor Edward J. Snowden — revealed that the National Security Agency and its British counterpart had essentially hacked reams of information from customers of Google, Yahoo and other American internet companies without those companies' knowledge. The spy agencies did this by intercepting internet traffic from undersea internet cables or other access points between corporate computer centers outside the United States.

Reasonable people can argue over whether the N.S.A. was justified in using this and other programs to siphon billions of pieces of information from phone calls, texts, emails and other digital records in the mission to defend the United States from terrorists. The reporting on the documents, by numerous news organizations, set off a public debate on the balance of privacy rights, the rule of law and national security.

I want to focus on the ways that those revelations of U.S. government snooping altered the technology that we use and ended the post-9/11 cooperation between the federal government and tech giants — for good and for ill. It's a reminder that one moment can bend the arc of history, even just a little, and that the current backlash against Big Tech traces back partly to the mistrust between Silicon Valley and the U.S. government that deepened after the Snowden disclosures.

First, that 2013 article in The Washington Post set off shock waves in Silicon Valley. Tech executives in public or (mostly) in private said that the N.S.A. hacking was a betrayal — a step way too far in the name of national security.

Tech company customers, particularly corporations and government officials outside the U.S., also worried about the possibility that information from their emails or sensitive documents might wind up in the hands of U.S. spies — either through the tech companies' compliance with legal U.S. government orders or by sneaking through Big Tech's back doors. Tech giants had an ethical and business dilemma.

The tech companies' most visible response was to bring secure technology into the mainstream and build more of their own digital plumbing like undersea internet cables. U.S. officials are now concerned about the risks of both of those changes — for understandable reasons — but they don't tend to own up to the government's own role in making them happen.

Companies including Google, Microsoft and Yahoo sped up their use of encrypted technologies that scramble the content of messages or phone calls so that anyone who snoops on them can access only gibberish.

Encryption is one of thorniest technologies in the world, because it both protects ordinary people's communications from prying eyes and makes criminals harder to track. Again, when U.S. officials prod tech companies such as Apple and Facebook over the harmful effects of encryption, rarely do they acknowledge that the government's actions helped make the technology widespread.

And maybe the biggest shift from the N.S.A.'s data siphoning was helping sour relations between the U.S. government and technology superpowers that is still playing out today.

"The era of quiet cooperation is over," my colleagues David E. Sanger and Nicole Perlroth wrote in 2014, about a year after news organizations' reporting from the Snowden documents. (Nicole has more on this in her recently published book, which I highly recommend.)

The trust gap between tech giants and leaders in the United States and other countries was probably inevitable, and in many ways it's healthy. Companies such as Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple are so rich and their products are so essential in our lives that they have become nearly as powerful as governments. It's sensible to weigh whether Big Tech needs more government guardrails.

There remain areas of cooperation between the government and Big Tech, including military projects that some tech employees believe are dangerous. But there are other ways in which the hangover of the Snowden revelations has made it more difficult for tech companies and government officials to work together on helpful shared interests such as election security and improving technology expertise inside of government agencies.

Tech companies are responsible for the enmity, yes, but the government's willingness to intrude on American companies is partly to blame, too.

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TIP OF THE WEEK

How to time a new phone purchase

If you bought an iPhone 12 last week, you might have felt like a chump this week when Apple introduced the iPhone 13. (Or maybe you didn't? Good for you!) Brian X. Chen explains how to know when we're at risk of a newly bought device becoming old news just after it was purchased.

I've written plenty about how to determine that it's time to call it quits on a piece of technology and consider an upgrade. And when you are ready for a new model, it's also important to figure out the right time to buy.

If you bought an iPhone 12 or a Pixel 5 a few weeks before Apple and Google unveiled the iPhone 13 and Pixel 6, for example, that might be less than ideal. If you had waited a little longer, you could have paid the same price for a phone with more advanced features or scored a discount on the previous model.

It's not intuitive to time an upgrade, so I'll share the resources that I turn to:

  • For Apple products, the MacRumors buyers' guide tracks the average shelf life of iPhones, iPads and Macs to predict when new models are expected. If a product is nearing the end of its cycle — about 360 days for an iPhone — the guide will caution you that fresh devices are coming.
  • For non-Apple devices, there isn't a comparable guide. I'll just share with you what I know. Tech manufacturers typically stick to a pattern. Many of them, including Google, Microsoft and Samsung, tend to release their flagship products such as smartphones and computers in the fall, timed for the back-to-school and holiday shopping seasons.

So in general, if you have decided that you are ready for a shiny new device, try not to buy in the summer. You will be rewarded if you wait.

Reminder: This newsletter will soon be reserved for Times subscribers.

Your access to the On Tech newsletter ends next week. Subscribe now to keep receiving it and to enjoy all the benefits of being a Times subscriber.

Before we go …

  • Reshaping the internet as we know it: Brian X. Chen and Kate Conger have a plain English explanation of changes from Apple and Google that will alter the ads we see online, using less of our personal data, and may compel businesses to raise product prices or adapt in other ways. In a separate column, Brian asks: Who might win and lose when Apple and Google dictate how the internet pays for itself?
  • He is the envy of the international sports media: The Twitch streaming channel of Ibai Llanos, 26, landed the first interview with Lionel Messi after the soccer superstar switched teams. My colleague Rory Smith explains how Llanos became a sports power player thanks to pandemic isolation, his informal interviewing style and soccer players' love of video games.
  • Farhad Manjoo believes that computers for our faces will be the next big thing. "I only hope that, unlike with smartphones, this time we go slow," the Times Opinion columnist writes. (In Wednesday's On Tech, I said that the ubiquity of smartphones is holding back new technologies like computers for our faces.)

Hugs to this

"Do you want to try wasabi?" (You will believe what happened next.)

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2021年9月15日 星期三

The T List: Five things we recommend this week

Emotionally charged quilts, a punk Art Deco hotel — and more.

Welcome to the T List, a newsletter from the editors of T Magazine. Each week, we share things we're eating, wearing, listening to or coveting now. Sign up here to find us in your inbox every Wednesday. And you can always reach us at tlist@nytimes.com.

VISIT THIS

An Affordable Viennese Ritz

A Deluxe Room at the Hotel Motto.Courtesy of Hotel Motto

By Gisela Williams

T Contributing Editor

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"I have always built my projects for locals, and the tourists follow, because the most curious ones want to be part of the local scene," says Bernd Schlacher, one of Vienna's most renowned restaurateurs (his Motto pub and Motto am Fluss attract a stylish crowd) and the owner of the soon-to-open Hotel Motto. With 91 rooms in a historic building in the city's 6th district, it's Schlacher's first hotel project. He oversaw the design of the interiors, which he describes as "Art Deco opulence with some contemporary punk energy": vintage chairs; sofas and lamps from the Ritz Paris; door handles and tabletop objets made by local craftspeople. Rome-based designer Chez Dede painted whimsical murals throughout the lobby, and a large-scale photograph from the Mexican artist Victoria Barmak adorns the rooftop terrace. Says Schlacher: "We wanted to create a legendary meeting place like the Ritz but affordable, and for young people." Hotel Motto opens Oct. 2. hotelmotto.at.

SEE THIS

Quilting as Collage

From left: Basil Kincaid's "A Day at Victoria Glades" (2021) and "The Ecstasy of Being" (2021).Courtesy of the artist

By Rima Suqi

T Contributor

When the American-born artist Basil Kincaid began researching his St. Louis roots after a 2015 residency in Ghana (where he now lives), he discovered he came from a long line of quilt makers. Though already an established photographer and collagist by that point, Kincaid, now 34, had never sewn before, but around the same time he had a dream in which his grandmother urged him to try, and afterwards, "it was like I had always known how to do it," he says. Fast-forward to the present, and Kincaid's quilts have earned him not only a United States Artists Fellowship but a solo show at Galleria Poggiali in Milan. They're often made from "emotionally charged materials" such as the cast-off clothes of loved ones, and involve a time-intensive collage technique in which he first makes a "palette" of individual quilts and then cuts and reassembles them to make new, larger compositions. His show, entitled "The Rolling Fields to My House," will be on view through Nov. 20. galleriapoggiali.com.

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SHOP THIS

Exquisite Vessels

Left: Kindred Black's Unicorn Oil. Right: an assortment of hand-blown glass bottles from their Slow Beauty line.Courtesy of Kindred Black

By Brittany Dennison

T Contributor

Fed up with fashion's conspicuous waste and questionable labor practices, Jennifer Francis and Alice Wells left the industry and in 2015 founded Kindred Black, an environmentally sensitive retail project producing ethically sourced, artisanally produced fashion and accessories. "We wanted to do something together that was environmentally focused but also more in line with our aesthetic and our interests," says Wells. For their recent Apothecary and Slow Beauty lines of oils, toners, balms and serums, they found inspiration in the Ancient Greek and Egyptian rooms at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, marveling at the millennia-old perfume vessels. Such "truffle hunting" through history, as Francis puts it, paid dividends in the form of the luminous hand-blown glass vials bearing the brand's elixirs for face, body and hair. A particularly striking exemplar is the Unicorn Oil, a multiuse blend of 14 botanicals — immortelle, French plum oil and zdravets among them — that comes in a hypnotically kaleidoscopic bottle blown at the Xaquixe Glass Studio in Oaxaca. kindredblack.com.

COVET THIS

A Colorful Collaboration

Emma Kohlmann (seated) and Simone Bodmer-Turner have embarked on their first collaboration: a new capsule collection of 38 hand-painted ceramic pieces.Alexander Rotondo

By Coralie Kraft

T Contributor

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Last winter, the sculptor and furniture designer Simone Bodmer-Turner and her friend Emma Kohlmann, a painter, decided to pool their talents and collaborate. After they'd riffled art books filled with images of painted ceramics throughout history (Greek amphorae, Picasso's terra-cotta), the project coalesced: Bodmer-Turner's Permanent Collection line, a group of sinuous multi-necked vessels heavily influenced by pre-Columbian and Etruscan shapes, would become Kohlmann's canvas for the painter to adorn. The result is the Illustrated Permanent Collection, comprising 38 ceramic pieces created in Bodmer-Turner's studio and hand-painted by Kohlmann with whimsical floral motifs and serene faces in bright hues. "The vessels in the Permanent Collection can come off very minimalist because they are finished monochromatically and are often styled very sparsely," explains Bodmer-Turner. "I love that Emma brings this lively touch to them that feels very playful and modern." Proceeds from the collection will benefit South Bronx Mutual Aid, Kohlmann's home borough. simonebodmerturner.com.

WEAR THIS

Body Art

Looks from Delfina Balda's spring 2022 collection.Danielle Alprin

By Caroline Newton

Nine-year-old brand Delfina Balda's spring 2022 collection, Home to the Body, continues to incarnate founder Delfina Baldassare's vision of "wearable art"; indeed, many of the pieces were patterned on her abstract drawings and assemblage — "expressions of my subconscious," says the former psychoanalyst, who grew up in Argentina. The "Home" of the title is conceived of as nature, "a space where the self feels grounded, whole," according to Baldassare. To that end, the collection incorporates organic shapes, colors and materials meant to evoke such a feeling. All pieces are handmade using natural fibers in family-run factories in Lima, Peru, the New York-based Baldassare's home away from home. delfinabalda.com.

FROM T'S INSTAGRAM

The Artist Was Present

In the piano room of Alice Neel's Upper West Side apartment hangs "Hartley and Ginny" (1970), a portrait of the artist's son and his wife. Just beyond is the sitting room; its green and wooden chairs are featured in several of Neel's works, including "Rosemary Frank" (1973) and "Ron Kajiwara" (1971), respectively.Photograph by Jason Schmidt. Painting: © The Estate of Alice Neel, courtesy of the Estate of Alice Neel and David Zwirner

Rooms aren't so important in an Alice Neel painting; her focus was on people. Her work, which attests to the cleareyed compassion Neel felt toward humans of all walks of life, reveals the deep interiority of her subjects through vivid, almost caricature-like renderings — wide-set eyes, dimpled chins, skin mottled in shades of green or blemished with blue-purple veins and exaggerated, spidery fingers. The settings in her artworks are often mere suggestions. It can be disorienting, then, to recognize some of those settings in the artist's final New York City residence — a 1,000-square-foot Upper West Side apartment, into which she moved in 1962 and which has remained largely unchanged since her death in 1984 at the age of 84. In the absence of a person, material details come into sharp relief: The artist's blue paint-flecked smock hangs from her easel in the front room. Her palette, the globs of pigment now dried into nearly colorless husks, sits nearby on an aging page torn from The New York Times. To read Rennie McDougall's full story, visit tmagazine.com — and follow us on Instagram.

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